O steomyelitis is characterized as an inflammatory bone disease caused by pyrogenic bacteria. As oral bioavailabilities of antibiotics are low, a regimen of 6 weeks of intravenous antibiotic is necessary for adequate therapy. Although the dose of antibiotic administered systemically is high, therapeutically effective drug concentrations are not always achieved at the site of infection. This problem can be overcome by the use of local antibiotics from a biodegradable implant for chronic osteomyelitis that can deliver the drug at least for 6 weeks. The implant delivers high antibiotic concentration at tissue levels, obliterates dead space, aids bone repair and does not need to be removed. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a calcium sulfate and polycaprolactone (PCL)-based composite biodegradable implantable delivery system of cefuroxime for the localized treatment of osteomyelitis that can deliver the drug for at least 6 weeks. The PCL and calcium sulfate composite system has not been studied yet. Interaction studies were carried out to check any incompatibility between the ingredients. Implants were prepared by a modified fabrication technique to avoid solvent use. The prepared implants were evaluated for various in vitro parameters like dimensions, hardness, tensile strength, drug release profile, sterility test and morphological changes in pellet before and after drug release. The pellets were also tested for microbiological efficacy and compared with a plain drug solution in different concentrations. Developed pellets are regular in shape and size with good tensile strength. The release profile displayed drug levels above the minimum inhibitory concentration continuously for up to 2 months. A wide zone of inhibition by the pellet against Staphylococcus aureus as compared with the drug solution proves its efficacy in the treatment of osteomyelitis. Results show that the developed calcium sulfate and PCL-based composite biodegradable implantable delivery system of cefuroxime is a good alternate system and can deliver the drug for more than 6 weeks, maintaining an adequate inhibitory concentration at the site.
Objective: Plackett-Burman experimental design is used to identify the most important factors early in the experimentation phase when complete knowledge about the system is usually unavailable. The objective of this study was to screen out the most important factors affecting the size and entrapment efficiency of rivastigmine hydrogen tartrate (RHT) nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs).
Methods:The RHT-loaded NLC was prepared by the modified solvent emulsification-diffusion method. The independent variables selected for Plackett-Burman design were drug: lipid ratio, solid lipid/liquid lipid (S/L) ratio, concentration Ryoto sugar ester (%w/v), the concentration of poloxamer 188 (%w/v), sonication time (min), sonication amplitude, and stirring time (h).
Results:The R 2 value for the particle size equation was 86.16%. p value was (<0.05) 0.048 in case of sonication time. In case of entrapment efficiency, the R 2 value was 87.12%. The p value (p<0.05) for S/L ratio and the Ryoto sugar (% w/v) was 0.028 and 0.042, respectively.
Conclusion:It can be concluded that sonication time has a significant effect on particle size, whereas S/L ratio and Ryoto sugar ester concentration have a significant effect on entrapment efficiency.
Nanotechnology is being ventured into as an emerging trend eliciting improvements in nearly all technological fields, and the pharmaceutical sector is no exception to this. It has been used for many years for synthetic drugs. But nowadays, the focus is on traditional medicines. This work is focused on the nanogel and nanoemulgel formulations of traditional medication and holds strong relevance in the emerging era of nanomedicine. Herbal medicines are making a resurgence in the twenty-first century, as the dangers and limitations of modern medicine become increasingly evident, and herbal remedies are considered a balanced and reasonable approach to treatment. Advances in analysis and clinical research demonstrate the efficacy of herbal drugs in disease prevention and treatment. The main issue with herbal remedies is their inability to dissolve and stabilize. New technical breakthroughs have the potential to eliminate the problems connected with herbal therapy.Nanoformulations reflect the interface between new technology and herboceuticals. Thus nanosized novel drug delivery system of herbal drugs has a potential future due to their high drug encapsulation capacity, homogeneity, low toxicity, and improved stability.
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