Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o balanço hídrico de Thornthwaite a partir das projeções do IPCC-AR5, identificando as possíveis mudanças de classificação climática projetada por este método. Foram consideradas as projeções de 14 modelos do CMIP5 para os cenários RCP 4.5 e RCP 8.5, para o período de 2010 a 2099, em comparação ao cenário histórico (1950 a 1999). A metodologia consiste na obtenção dos campos mensais de precipitação e temperatura pró„ximo à superfície dos modelos climáticos. O balanço hídrico é realizado pelo método de Thornthwaite, considerando a ETP, os acumulados mensais de precipitação e os parâmetros de solo do Harmonized World Soil Database, sendo a classificação climática por região com base nas variáveis de saída do método. As projeções dos modelos apontam aumento da temperatura e ETP para as diferentes regiões do Brasil. As regiões Norte e Centro-Oeste apresentam aumento das áreas com climas mais áridos, enquanto a região Sul aponta para um aumento da área coberta por climas úmidos. Estas características podem representar aumento do escoamento superficial na região Sul e sua diminuição nas regiões Norte e Centro-Oeste. Tais mudanças representam um desafio a gestão de recursos hídricos, que deverá se adequar às futuras demandas e disponibilidades hídricas.
Climate change projects an increase in extreme weather events in the coming decades, which could significantly affect Brazil's water and energy security. Thus, this study sought to analyze possible impacts of climate change on the projections of naturalized streamflows and Affluent Natural Energy (ANE) for the Brazilian hydropower sector utilizing five models of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Projects version 6 (CMIP6), based on SSP-4.5 and SSP-8.5 scenarios for the 21st century. Naturalized streamflows for the 24 stations representing the National Interconnected System (NIS) were estimated through the concentrated hydrological model SMAP (Soil Moisture Accounting Procedure), while the streamflows for the other stations that comprise the NIS were obtained by linear regression. The streamflows, as well as the productivity of the reservoirs, were used to calculate the ANE. The results showed that most of the models project possible reductions in annual naturalized streamflows and ANE for the three periods analyzed and for the North, Northeast, and Southeast/Midwest sectors of Brazil. Meanwhile, the Northern and Southern sectors, for the period 2080–2099, most of the models indicated an increase of annual, precipitation, naturalized streamflows and ANE.
CartujaQanat represents the necessity to rethink the way our cities are conceived as time passes by and the world evolves. Current and future needs demand up-to-date solutions that combine the knowledge obtained from experience and tradition with innovative research. Cities have the responsibility to contribute to a better environment for their inhabitants while minimizing resource consumption. Passive techniques and bioclimatic solutions have significant benefits for the health and well-being of humans, making them ideal when properly adapted to their suitable climates. Keeping this in mind, CartujaQanat pursues the creation of open-air spaces that provide a comfortable environment in hot and dry weather conditions with minimal negative impacts. Strategies developed for the project utilize water as a heat transfer fluid in open and closed systems to enable the acclimatization of exterior spaces. The project includes the use of physical barriers in the form of bioclimatic lattices that act as a solar screen, enabling natural ventilation and providing a certain level of confinement to the air. These effects are enhanced with the hygrothermal capabilities of water, which is incorporated for direct and indirect evaporative cooling as well as thermally activated elements.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.