This review highlights the need for coaches and scouts to consider the players' technical and tactical skills combined with their anthropometric and physiological characteristics scaled to age. Moreover, research addressing the psychological and environmental aspects that influence talent identification and development in football is currently lacking. The limitations detected in the reviewed studies suggest that future research should include the best performers and adopt a longitudinal and multidimensional perspective.

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This study aimed to detect and analyse regular patterns of play in football teams during their offensive phase, through the combination of the sequential analysis technique and semi-structured interviews of experienced first League Portuguese coaches. The sample included 36 games (12 per team) of the F.C. Barcelona, Internazionalle Milano, and Manchester United teams that were analysed through sequential analysis with the software SDIS-GSEQ. Based on the detected patterns, semi-structured interviews were carried out with 8 expert high-performance football coaches. Data were analysed through the content analysis technique using the software Nvivo 9. The detected patterns of play revealed specific characteristics of different philosophies of play. Through the performed content analysis we could observe that coaches interpreting play patterns mainly based their opinions on tactical-strategic and tactical-technical aspects, and on the characteristics of the players on their team. On the other hand, consideration was given to three of the main evolutionary trends of play/soccer practice, which focus on the development of exercises that cover: i) the connection between the four play moments (offensive/defensive organization and transitions); ii) the pre-programmed ball possession recovery; iii) the execution of set pieces.

ARTIGO ORIGINAL | ORIGINAL ARTICLE RESUMOO objetivo do estudo foi conhecer as representações, estímulos e constrangimentos de árbitros portugueses de futebol de 11. Através da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas foram inquiridos 19 árbi-tros. Os dados foram analisados através da técnica de análise de conteúdo com o software Nvivo 10. A análise dos resultados permitiu concluir que a representação do que é ser árbitro se consubstancia, sobretudo, pelo paixão e prazer pela atividade, sendo também atribuída significativa importância aos valores como a idoneidade, a isenção, responsabilidade, respeito e dignidade. Referiram que um bom árbitro apresenta não só uma boa condição física, mas também uma estrutura psicológica e um "saber estar" que potenciam o seu desempenho. A generalidade dos entrevistados sentia-se estimulada para o exercí-cio desta atividade, referindo o prazer e a possibilidade de progressão na carreira como os principais estímulos. Aqueles que não se sentiam estimulados consideraram que eram mal remunerados e pouco acompanhados e acarinhados pelos responsáveis da arbitragem. Os principais constrangimentos apontados foram os comportamentos agressivos de adeptos, dirigentes e público, as dificuldades de conciliação com a vida familiar e profissional, as dificuldades de progressão na carreira e a injustiça na avaliação do desempenho.Palavras-Chave: arbitragem, soccer, metodologia qualitativa ABSTRACT In the course of the study, the intention was to know the representations, stimulus and constraints of football referees. Nineteen referees were inquired using semi-structured interviews. Data was analyzed by content analysis method, using Nvivo 10 software. Result analysis allowed concluding that referees believe what represents themselves, mostly, is passion for football and enjoying their job. Values such as trustworthy, fairness, responsibility, respect and dignity are highly appreciated among them. It was referred that a good referee must be well prepared physically, but psychologically as well to enhance their performance. The majority of the interviewed feels encouraged to perform their referee activities, quoting career progression and appreciation for the job as main incentives. Those not encouraged, mentioned low salaries and not being respected or supported by other colleagues. These constraints have led the interviewers to consider quitting at some point.

RESUMOA população de pessoas deficientes vem crescendo a cada dia, gerando problemáticas sociais que interferem diretamente na qualidade de vida deste segmento. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi investigar o esporte de alto rendimento como contribuição para inclusão social de atletas cegos do Instituto Benjamin Constant. Observou-se que os alunos egressos do Instituto, até duas décadas atrás, não davam prosseguimento aos seus estudos, embora gozassem de oportunidade igualitária e constitucional como cidadão brasileiro. Foram entrevistados dez atletas cegos egressos do Instituto, que estudaram entre 1994 e 1998, tendo na época da pesquisa a condição de atletas de alto rendimento e ao mesmo tempo cidadãos, que trabalham, estudam e são independentes. A pesquisa utilizou o método qualitativo, empregando como instrumento de investigação a entrevista semi-estruturada (Flick, 2005;Ruquoy, 2005). Para tratamento dos dados utilizou-se a técnica de "Análise de Conteúdo" (Minayo, Deslandes, Neto, & Gomes, 2002). Os resultados foram organizados em torno de três categorias: a importância do esporte, orientação e mobilidade, e a vida antes e depois de ser atleta. A pesquisa concluiu que o esporte de alto rendimento contribuiu para a inclusão social de todos os entrevistados. Seus depoimentos responsabilizam o esporte como fator primordial para realização de parte de seus ideais, sugerindo esta prática em todas as instituições de ensino especial. Palavras-chave: cegos, esporte, inclusão social ABSTRACTThe population of disabled people is growing each day, producing social problems that interfere straightly in the capacity of life of this segment. The objective of this inquiry was to investigate the high performance sport as a contribution for social inclusion of blind athletes of the Benjamin Constant Institute. It was observed that the previous students of the Institute, up to two decades before, did not proceed in their studies, although they had egalitarian and constitutional opportunity as a Brazilian citizen. Ten blind athletes, previous students of the Institute from 1994 to 1998, were interviewed. They had, at the time of the research, the high performance athletes' condition and were at the same time citizens, who work, study and are independent. The inquiry used the qualitative method, employing the semi-structured interview as the instrument of investigation (Flick, 2005;Ruquoy, 2005). The "Content Analysis" technique was used to treat the data (Minayo et al., 2002). The results were organized around three categories: the importance of the sport, orientation and mobility, and life before and after being an athlete. The inquiry concluded that high performance sport contributed to the social inclusion of all the interviewed ones. His testimonies hold the sport responsible as a primordial factor for realization of part of his ideals, suggesting this practice in all the institutions of special teaching.

The search for perfection and being excellent is a challenge that has been following in every area of human realisation. This development process has its genesis in childhood and is a consequence of a long-term investment. Considering this, it is necessary to understand excellence as a multidimensional and evolving process. Therefore, this study aimed at characterising the development path of a group of excellent athletes, in order to identify the factors which influence and determine the development of excellence in orienteering. The study focused on a group of 5 elite orienteering athletes, positioned among the top 10 in the IOF 2013 world ranking. Data was collected via semi-structured interviews and the study was developed using life stories methodology. Later the data was analysed using content analysis. Results have shown that being excellent implies developing personal excellence, in which the performance excellence is complemented by the development of a series of actions of personal growth. Hence, this group of athletes shows a need to have a set of characteristics such as professionalism and commitment towards the development of excellence. It was identified that sport diversification is the base principle for all sport development processes with excellence and it is organised in three fundamental steps: initiation, which is characterised by a investment in free and deliberate game; development, denoting a commitment to orienteering and structured training; improvement, highlighting the diversification of the locations to practice as core aspects. These athletes have attributes special importance to the context on which this process is developed, naming family, friends influence, as well as sociocultural dynamic of a country or region. Lastly, a set of determinant factors of positive affective-emotional nature were identified, were feelings of wellbeing and passion for the sport act as influence elements towards the development of excellence.

O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer os fatores determinantes na aquisição, desenvolvimento e manutenção da excelência no Vôlei de Praia (VP) a partir da percepção de uma dupla de atletas de elite e seu técnico. Trata-se de um estudo de caso com abordagem qualitativa dos resultados que se utilizou da entrevista e análise documental para recolha dos dados. Sobre os fatores determinantes da excelência no VP destacaram-se nos fatores primários, o aspecto psicológico, verificado nos elementos disciplina, força de vontade, motivação e foco, seguido pelo tempo de parceria e da preparação física iniciada (prática deliberada). Enquanto nos fatores secundários, o apoio, técnico, infraestrutura, qualidade de material esportivo e financeiro. Conclui-se que a junção dos fatores primários e secundários descritos acima foi essencial para aquisição, desenvolvimento e manutenção da excelência no VP.

REsuMoEste estudo teve como objetivo conhecer o nível de (in)satisfação dos alunos das escolas Básica 2/3 Ciclos Jorge Montemor e Escola Secundária de Montemor em relação às unidades temáticas abordadas. Foi aplicada uma entrevista estruturada a 72 alunos entre os 11 e os 19 anos de idade. A disciplina de EF surgiu como uma das preferidas dos alunos. As escolhas dos alunos, em termos de modalidades, recaíram sobre o voleibol, basquetebol, futebol e atletismo. Atividades na natureza ou ao ar livre, desportos que envolvam algum risco e modalidades de cariz mais individual foram as sugestões citados pelos alunos. palavras-chave: Educação Física; (in)satisfação; Perceções; Alunos.