Background and Objective: There is a pressing need for evidence-based interventions to address the devastating clinical and public health effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The number of registered trials related to COVID-19 is increasing by the day. The objective of this study was to describe the characteristics of the currently registered interventional clinical trials related to COVID-19. Methods: We searched the World Health Organization's International Clinical Trials Registry Platform on May 15th, 2020. We included any entry that is related to COVID-19. We abstracted and then descriptively analyzed the following characteristics of the registered trials: study design, status, phase, primary endpoints, experimental interventions, and geographic location among other qualifiers. Results: We identified 1,308 eligible registered trials. Most trials were registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (n 5 703; 53.7%) and the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (n 5 291; 22.2%). The number of participants to be enrolled across these trials was 734,657, with a median of 110 participants per trial. The most commonly studied intervention category was pharmacologic (n 5 763; 58.3%), with antiparasitic medications being the most common subcategory. Although over half of the trials were already recruiting, we identified published peerreviewed results for only 8 of those trials. Conclusion: There is a relatively large number of registered trials but with very few results published so far. Although our findings suggest an appropriate initial response by the research community, the real challenge will be to get these trials completed, published, and translated into practice and policy.
SUMMARY In order to evaluate results of surgical repair of secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) in patients 60 years of age or older, a review was made of 16 patients who had undergone such operation between January 1964 and December 1974. Before operation eight patients were in functional classification III (New York Heart Association), seven were in class 11, and one was in class 1. Twelve patients had a left-to-right shunt greater than 3:1. Pulmonary artery systolic pressure was greater than 40 mm Hg in 12 patients and greater than 60 mm Hg in five. Four patients had documented paradoxical emboli and were being treated with Coumadin. Before operation all patients but one were receiving digoxin.ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT (ASD) is the most common form of congenital heart disease encountered in adults. Of all congenital cardiac defects permitting survival beyond middle age, ASDs are the most common.' The peculiar characteristic of ASD, setting it apart from other congenital heart defects, is the slow progress of the clinical course, which does not usually lead to debilitating symptoms until after the fourth or fifth decade.2The success of surgery in treatment of middle-aged patients with ASD has been evaluated previously.2' 4-9 Based on the favorable experience thus far gained, the opinion generally accepted is that surgical treatment is usually beneficial and is the treatment of choice, particularly in uncomplicated cases." 2,7,8,10 Reports concerning older patients, however, are sparse and conclusions are contradCoy2, 5. 11 dictory."General belief holds that elderly patients with ASD are not suitable candidates for surgical treatment. It appears appropriate then to report the detailed results of surgical correction of a number of these patients, aged 60 or over, who underwent operation at our institution. Materials and MethodsFrom January 1964 through December 1974, 138 patients over the age of 45 years underwent surgical repair of a secundum ASD at the Texas Heart Institute. Of the 138 patients, 26 were over the age of 60. Among the 26 patients, ten had an associated lesion and all underwent concomitant surgical correction (table 1). This study is confined to evaluation of the 16 patients 60 years or older (range 60 to 76, with an average age of 65) who underwent surgical correction of isolated secundum ASD.
Background Refugees are susceptible to various types of injury mechanisms associated with their dire living conditions and settlements. This study aims to compare and characterize the emergency department admissions due to physical trauma and injuries among local residents and refugees in greater Beirut. Methods This epidemiological study analyzes injury incidence and characteristics of patients presenting to Emergency Departments of 5 sentinel hospitals between 2017 and 2019. Using the WHO Injury Surveillance Guidelines and Pan-Asia Trauma Outcomes Study form, an injury data surveillance form was designed and used in hospital settings to collect data on injuries. Chi-square test analysis was performed to compare differences in injury characteristics between local residents and refugees. Regression models were constructed to assess the effect of being a refugee on the characteristics of injuries and outcomes of interest. Results A total of 4847 injuries (3933 local residents and 914 refugees) were reported. 87.4% of the total injuries among refugees were sustained by the younger age groups 0-45 years compared to 68.8% among local residents. The most prevalent injury mechanism was fall (39.4%) for locals and road traffic injury (31.5%) for refugees. The most injured body part was extremities for both populations (78.2% and 80.1%). Injuries mostly occurred at home or its vicinity (garden or inside the camp) for both populations (29.3% and 23.1%). Refugees sustained a higher proportion of injuries at work (6%) compared to locals (1.3%). On multivariate analysis, refugee status was associated with higher odds of having an injury due to a stab/gunshot (odds ratio (OR) = 3.392, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.605-4.416), having a concussion injury (OR = 1.718, 95% CI = 1.151-2.565), and being injured at work (OR = 4.147, 95% CI = 2.74-6.278). Refugee status was associated with increased odds of leaving the hospital with injury-related disability (OR = 2.271, 95% CI = 1.891-2.728)] Conclusions Injury remains a major public health problem among resident and refugee communities in Beirut, Lebanon. Refugees face several injury-related vulnerabilities, which adversely affect their treatment outcomes and long-term disabilities. The high prevalence of occupational and violence-related injuries among refugees necessitates the introduction of targeted occupational safety and financial security interventions, aiming at reducing injuries while enhancing social justice among residents.
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