Increased urbanization and increase in population has led to an increased demand for fuels. The result is the prices of fuels are reaching new heights every day. Using low-cost feedstocks such as rendered animal fats in biodiesel production will reduce biodiesel expenditures. One of the low-cost feedstocks for biodiesel production from poultry feathers. This paper describes a new and environmentally friendly process for developing biodiesel production technology from feather waste produced in poultry industry. Transesterification is one of the well-known processes by which fats and oils are converted into biodiesel. The reaction often makes use of acid/base catalyst. If the material possesses high free fatty acid then acid catalyst gives better results. The data resulted from gas chromatography (GC) revealed these percentages for fatty acid compositions: myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and arachidonic acid. The biodiesel function group was analyzed by using FTIR. This study concluded that the rooster feathers have superior potential to process them into biodiesel than broiler chicken feathers fat because of fatty acid composition values and it has important properties of biodiesel.

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Objective: The present study was aimed to study at investigating the antibacterial potential of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) coated cotton fabrics against different pathogens and also for their wound healing property using fibroblasts cells. Materials and Methods: The leaf extracts of Peltophorum pterocarpum were used for the synthesis of AgNPs and were characterizing using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering analysis, and zeta potential measurement. The AgNPs were coated on cotton fabrics and tested for their antibacterial efficacy using agar well diffusion method. The wound healing property of synthesized AgNPs was tested using fibroblast 3T3 cells. Results: The plant extracts of P. pterocarpum were utilized for AgNPs. The optimum condition for synthesizing AgNPs was found to be 1 mg/ml plant concentration, 7 pH, 1 mM silver nitrate concatenation, and incubation temperature of 37°C. The shape of synthesized AgNPs was found to be spherical with an average size between 20 and 50 nm, and elemental silver peaks were confirmed by EDX spectrum. The cotton fabrics coated with AgNPs show good zone of inhibition against all the tested pathogens and the treated fabrics were also characterized using scanning electron microscope which reveals the presence of AgNPs on the fabrics. The scratch assay reveals that the AgNPs have good wound healing activity when tested against fibroblast 3T3. Conclusion: The present results conclude that the synthesized AgNPs have good stability with potent antimicrobial activity when coated with cotton fabrics. The AgNPs also found to have good activity significant wound healing activity when tested using fibroblast cells.

This research is aimed at investigating the removal of lead from synthetic wastewater using floral wastes through biosorption. Lead reduction from synthetic wastewater using three distinct flower wastes-Tagetes erecta, Polianthes tuberosa, and Crossandra infundibuliformis, was investigated in this study. A batch experiment was conducted to assess and optimize different parameters-pH, bio-dosage, retention time, and initial lead ion concentration. Experimental data were examined by Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models and pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. Biomass characteristics were analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Results showed that maximum absorption of lead using floral wastes (1% w/v) with an initial lead ion concentration of 750 mg L −1 for 6 h of retention time at pH 6 with an agitation speed of 150 rpm was 98.63%, 95.42%, and 93.69% by T. erecta, P. tuberosa, and C. infundibuliformis. Freundlich isotherm showed multilayer sorption on the heterogeneous surface of biosorbents. Biosorption of Pb(II) followed a pseudo-first-order kinetic model instead of pseudo-second-order kinetic model. FTIR revealed significant modification in the functional group that followed the metal chelation process. FESEM analyses showed changes in surface morphology in all the biosorbents. The desorption experiment revealed the reusability potential of these floral waste biosorbents. The toxicity of untreated and treated lead stock solution was verified by the phytotoxic assessment using Vigna radiata seeds. Elevated growth of V. radiata was observed in treated lead synthetic wastewater using T. erecta floral waste biosorbent and tap water (control).