Bidirectional selective genotyping (BSG) carried out on recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the 541 9 Ot1-3 intercross revealed three classes of selection responsive loci underlying preharvest sprouting (PHS) in rye. Ten PHS directional loci (PHSD) located on chromosomes 1RL (3), 3RS(2), 3RL (2), 5RL (2), and 7RS (1) responded significantly to both directions of the disruptive selection and were epistatic to the remaining two classes. Nine PHS resistance loci (PHSR) mapped on chromosomes 1RS, 1RL, 2RS, 3RS, 4RS, 5RS, 5RL, and 6RL (2) responded only to selection for sprouting resistance, being neutral for selection carried out in opposite direction. Eight PHS enhancing loci mapped on chromosomes 2RL, 3RL, 4RL, 5RL, 6RS, and 7RS (3) were affected by selection for sprouting susceptibility and did not respond to selection for sprouting resistance. Map positions of the selection responsive loci coincided with QTLs for PHS and alpha-amylase activity (AA) detected earlier, but BSG coupled with molecular mapping increased precision of PHS dissection in rye. Efficient strategy of marker assisted selection for preharvest sprouting resistance in rye should be based on PHSD and PHSR loci.
Bi-directional selective genotyping (BSG) carried out on two opposite groups of F(9)(541 × Ot1-3) recombinant inbred lines (RILs) with extremely low and extremely high alpha-amylase activities in mature (dry) grain of rye, followed by molecular mapping, revealed a complex system of selection-responsive loci. Three classes of loci controlling alpha-amylase activity were discerned, including four major AAD loci on chromosomes 3R (three loci) and 6RL (one locus) responding to both directions of the disruptive selection, 20 AAR loci on chromosomes 2RL (three loci), 3R (three loci), 4RS (two loci), 5RL (three loci), 6R (two loci) and 7R (seven loci) responding to selection for low alpha-amylase activity and 17 AAE loci on chromosomes 1RL (seven loci), 2RS (two loci), 3R (two loci), 5R (two loci) and 6RL (four loci) affected by selection for high alpha-amylase activity. The majority of the discerned AA loci also showed responsiveness to selection for preharvest sprouting (PHS). Two AAD loci on chromosome arm 3RL coincided with PHSD loci. The AAD locus on chromosome arm 3RS was independent from PHS, whereas that on chromosome 6RL belonged to the PHSR class. AAR-PHSR loci were found on chromosomes 4RS (one locus) and 5R (two loci) and AAE-PHSE loci were identified on chromosomes 1RL (one locus) and 5RL (one locus). Some PHSD loci represented the AAE (chromosomes 1RL, 3RS and 3RL) or AAR classes (chromosome 5RL). AAR and AAE loci not related to PHS were found on chromosomes 1RL, 2R, 3RS, 4R, 6RL and 7RL. On the other hand, several PHS loci (1RL, 3RS, 5RL, 6RS and 7RS) had no effect on alpha-amylase activity. Allele originating from the parental line 541 mapped in six AA loci on chromosomes 2R (two loci), 5R (three loci) and 7R (one locus) exerted opposite effects on PHS and alpha-amylase activity. Differences between the AA and PHS systems of loci may explain the weak correlation between these two traits observed among recombinant inbred lines. Strategies for the breeding of sprouting-resistant varieties with low alpha-amylase and high PHS resistance are discussed.
The objectives of the research were to determine the position of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for a-amylase activity on the genetic map of a rye recombinant inbred line population-S120 9 S76-and to compare them to known QTL for preharvest sprouting and heading earliness. Fourteen QTL for aamylase activity on all seven chromosomes were identified. The detected QTL were responsible for 6.09-23.32% of a-amylase activity variation. The lowest LOD value (2.22) was achieved by locus QAa4R-M3 and the highest (7.79) by locus QAa7R-
Mapa genetyczna populacji rekombinacyjnych linii wsobnych (RIL) wyprowadzonych z pokolenia F2 mieszańca żyta S120×S76 posłużyła do identyfikacji loci cech ilościowych (QTL) związanych z porastaniem przedżniwnym (PHS). Mapa siedmiu chromosomów żyta o łącznej długości 962cM składała się z 1285 markerów DArT (markery molekularne wykorzystujące enzymy restrykcyjne i metodę hybrydyzacji na mikropłytkach) oraz 62 loci uzyskanych z użyciem metody PCR (łańcuchowa reakcja polimerazy). Materiałem badawczym były linie RIL pochodzące z doświadczeń polowych prowadzonych w Szczecinie, na terenie hali wegetacyjnej ZUT w latach 2007–2010. Część kłosów poszczególnych RIL izolowano, podczas gdy pozostałe pozostawiano do swobodnego przepylenia. PHS oceniano po kilkudniowym zraszaniu dojrzałych, ściętych kłosów wodą i oznaczano jako procent ziaren skiełkowanych. Oceny fenotypowej dokonano na kłosach poddawanych samozapyleniu (I) w czterech latach, a w dwóch latach (2008, 2010) także na kłosach nieizolowanych (N). Celem pracy było porównanie lokalizacji QTL porastania wskazanej w wyniku oceny kłosów izolowanych i nieizolowanych. Na mapie wykryto łącznie 33 QTL przedżniwnego porastania, rozlokowane na wszystkich chromosomach. Na podstawie wyników z 2008 roku zmapowano po sześć różnych i jeden wspólny QTL dla wariantów oceny z kłosami samo- i obcozapylonymi. W 2010 roku stwierdzono obecność jednego QTL dla kłosów izolowanych, pokrywającego się z jednym z sześciu wykrytych w tym roku dla kłosów nieizolowanych. Nie stwierdzono żadnego pokrywającego się przedziału QTL w dwóch sezonach (2008 i 2010), niezależnie od typu zapłodnienia badanych roślin. Lokalizacja niektórych QTL z obu wariantów została potwierdzona na podstawie analiz z innych lat. Stwierdzono, że materiał roślinny do analizy QTL porastania przedżniwnego żyta mogą stanowić kłosy poddane obcozapyleniu, w uzupełnieniu lub zamiennie z kłosami samozapylonymi.
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