Research background: The increasing role of foreign direct investments (FDI) in global, national, regional, and local economies draws the public’s attention to the criteria utilised by foreign investors in undertaking locational decisions, owing to the mostly stimulating character of these kinds of investments. Purpose of the article: The aim of the article is to identify the local determinants of FDI distribution. Particular attention is put on the role of distance to: (i) various transport endowments; (ii) next special economic zone; (iii) different national borders, among other motives studied in empirical papers. Methods: An important value added over the existing studies is the use of continuous variables representing distances (in km) to selected points of interest (e.g., airport) or minimum distances to lines (i.e., border, road) instead of dummy variables indicating whether particular infrastructure endowment is present in a region. The estimations were run in STATA 14.2 software with the use of a negative binomial approach. Findings & Value added: The results present new empirical evidence on FDI determinants witnessed at a local level of analysis (LAU 1), fitting into the other research done at a higher level of data aggregation (NUTS 2, NUTS 3), signalling high intra-regional inequalities and the role of: (i) relative distance to various infrastructure endowments; (ii) heterogeneous border effects; and (iii) the importance of close proximity to special economic zones. Given the presence of counties’ auto selection process (i.e., better developed, endowed, urbanised, favourably located) done by FDI investors, we formulate universal implications in terms of FDI promotion policy.
Foreign direct investment plays a crucial role in global capital and trade flows. The FDI's influence on national, regional and local economies is often the subject of public political and economic discussion, as well as numerous incentives to acquire foreign capital. The aim of this article is to identify the spatial concentration of firms with foreign capital (FOEs) in Poland at the municipality/gmina level (LAU 2) between 1995 and 2017 as well as the determinants of their location. With the use of I Moran's statistics and spatial probit models, the intensity of the FDI location as well as their location determinants were verified. The authors also indicate the areas of spatial concentration and potential areas of positive externalities resulting from FOEs agglomeration.
Streszczenie: Celem pracy jest identyfikacja stopnia koncentracji bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych (BIZ) w regionach Polski oraz wskazanie znaczenia BIZ w wybranych obszarach gospodarek regionalnych. Dane do analizy zostały zaczerpnięte z Banku Danych Lokalnych Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego. Do oceny znaczenia BIZ w regionach Polski wykorzystano wskaźnik HHI oraz udziały procentowe w wybranych dziedzinach gospodarki. Wyniki badania wskazują, że najwięcej zarejestrowanych BIZ znajduje się w województwach: mazowieckim, zachodniopomorskim, dolnośląskim, lubuskim i wielkopolskim. Najmniejszym zainteresowaniem cieszą się regiony wschodnie kraju: podlaskie, warmińsko-mazurskie, świętokrzyskie. Biorąc pod uwagę wielkość nakładów inwestycyjnych, wartość zaangażowanych kapitałów oraz liczbę pracujących, zauważono, że największym znaczeniem BIZ dla regionu przyjmującego charakteryzują się województwa: mazowieckie, wielkopolskie i dolnośląskie, natomiast najmniejszym wpływem BIZ na region cechują się: podlaskie, warmińsko-mazurskie oraz lubelskie.
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