Introduction. The time interval systems for controlling train movement operated under the influence of significant industrial disturbances, interference from the electric current of traction rolling stocks, and significant climate changes that result in fluctuations of parameters of circuit elements. These factors lead to the appearance of internal disturbances. The fluctuations in a wide range of the conductivity of rail lines insulation are the main external disturbances leading to considerable changes of the informative parameter, the voltage at the output end of the rail line. At present, there are many methods for suppressing disturbances, which allow correcting fluctuations in the informative signal without deteriorating the quality of classification. The article deals with the problem of providing insensitivity of the output informative signal to the influence of disturbance by principles of coordinate compensation with a correcting link. Materials and Methods. To solve the problem, various methodologies of compensation for disturbances are considered in the paper; the method of coordinate compensation for disturbances at the input of a quadripole of rail lines is adopted as the main one. The equation of the transfer function of the correcting link is determined, assuming an indirect measurement of the input resistance of the rail line, which is a function of the conductivity of the insulation. Results. The article presents the results of the research of the invariant capabilities of the disturbance compensation principle. It is shown that disturbances compensation with a corrective link included at the input of a quadripole allows one to significantly reduce the dynamic range of the output informative signal change in each of the classes, i.e. classes have become more compact, and the quality of classification has become 5 times higher than in the absence of compensation of disturbances. Discussion and Conclusion. The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method for the coordinate compensation of disturbances in rail lines with an open circuit in the absence of the possibility for organizing feedback, a variable circuit in each of the classes of states, and the impossibility of creating a physical additional channel for the transmission of the disturbance. Using the proposed method in the construction of modern classifiers will significantly improve the stability of the functioning of train control systems; eliminate errors of the first kind, leading to unproductive idle train, and errors of the second kind, leading to accidents and crashes.
Введение. Многомерность пространства состояний рельсовых линий, близость границ классов из-за воздействия внешних возмущений существенно усложняют задачу распознавания и классификации данных состояний, вследствие чего ее возможно решить только с использованием множества информативных признаков. Вместе с тем расширение априорного алфавита признаков приводит к существенному увеличению экономических потерь для создания сложной системы распознавания, появлению ошибок измерения множества признаков, увеличению времени обработки информации, что отрицательно отражается на распознавании в реальном времени. В работе рассмотрена задача уменьшения размерности пространства признаков распознающей системы состояний рельсовых линий и формирования рабочего множества признаков с определением наиболее информативных сочетаний. Материалы и методы. Оценка информативности признаков осуществлялась методом корреляционных коэффициентов, а также с помощью обученного классификатора с решающей функцией, аргументами которой являлись входные и выходные электрические параметры четырехполюсника рельсовой линии. В качестве решающей функции был использован полином Колмогорова-Габора второй степени сложности, обученный решением несовместной системы уравнений. Математические и технические расчеты проводились в программе Mathcad. Результаты исследования. Наиболее информативными первичными признаками для надежной классификации состояний рельсовых линий являются входные и выходные параметры четырехполюсника рельсовой линии. При использовании данных признаков все классы надежно распознаются, а функции качества распознавания превышают 1,2. Обсуждение и заключения. Результаты, полученные в ходе исследования, подтверждают возможности подходов при формировании рабочего множества признаков и могут быть использованы при разработке обучаемых классификаторов состояний. Сочетание двух методов позволяет синтезировать сложные, многоуровневые системы распознавания, что является основным вкладом данной работы в развитие принципов распознавания образов.
Introduction. The necessity to classify the state of rail lines affected by significant damaging factors on the sensitive element of the information sensor providing the assurance of classification quality with the required length of the rail lines of the control section forms the task of creating a classifier with extended functionality. Extending the functionality is possible using multidimensional state images with a set of informative features and training procedures for classification models. Using the classical classification principle with a single model leads to an excessive complication of the classification algorithm with low accuracy due to inaccurate solution of the system of conditional equations with multidimensional approximation by Hermite polynomials. Materials and Methods. The principles of reducing the dimension of the features space, various procedures for trainable classifier of state of rail lines with multidimensional patterns, the selection of decisive classification rules with a hierarchical grouping of classes, and the formation of a set of models of varying degrees of complexity trained to solve an incompatible system of equations are considered to solve the problem. There were obtained various degrees of complexity used in the adaptive algorithm for classifying the rail lines states using Hermite polynomials as models. Results. The article presents the results of developing 57 classifier models using Hermite polynomials with features of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 arguments. As an example, the procedure of developing models with 2–6 features is shown. The research results showed that with an increase in the number of features, the quality of classification improves, as when dividing the state space into several classes. Discussion and Conclusion. The results of the studies confirm the feasibility of the principle of classification of rail line states by a set of classification models, and an algorithm of recursively increasing the classification complexity using a model of increased complexity. The criterion for presenting a new, more complex model is the mismatch between the results of the class calculation by the i-th model and the real class in which the rail line is located at the moment in time.
Introduction. The problem of determining the train coordinates on the approach section to the crossing is associated with the impact of destabilizing factors on the information primary detector ? the rail line with distributed parameters. This leads to an error in calculating train coordinates. The aim of the study is to develop and scientifically substantiate the principle of building a system for calculating train coordinates with self-tuning of the decision function under the influence of significant destabilizing factors on the information primary sensor. Materials and Methods. To solve the problem of reliable determination of train coordinates, we propose a two-phase principle for forming the decision function. At the first stage, by means of a training sample of images and using the learning principle, the decision function (model) of the system for calculating train coordinates is determined. When the train enters a fixed-length approach section, the mismatch is determined by comparing the calculated coordinate with the fixed one. The second stage is the self-tuning of the coefficients of the decision function until the required accuracy is achieved. Results. The article shows the stages of forming the decision function by two-dimensional images; there was developed and tested an algorithm for self-turning of the decision function under the influence of various destabilizing factors. Through using 6 attributes of components of current and voltage vectors at the rail line input, 6 solving functions were obtained. Various combinations of two-dimensional images were used as polynomial arguments. Discussion and Conclusion. The study results confirm the feasibility of forming decision function and its self-tuning. The maximum error in calculating coordinates for various combinations ranges from 9.97% (199.34 m) to 4.57% (91.49 m). The error of determination of 5% for two decisive functions satisfies the safety requirements, since in a 45-second time interval to activate an automatic crossing signal, a distance of 100 m is covered in 3 seconds, i.e. the elapsed time is only 3 seconds in a 45 second interval.
The article discusses the role of telecommunication systems and networks in the work of railway transport. The authors analyzed the demand for the transfer of information data today, noted the principles of interconnection and building local networks, displayed the revised and supplemented material of the manuals. The introduction of a large number of information equipment in people's lives has led to a global transformation of the digital space. This is especially noticeable in the railway industry, where highquality and timely transmission of information data plays a paramount role in the transportation process. Due to digital transformation, the need for uninterrupted and highquality sending of information over long distances with minimal losses, the need to introduce theoretical and practical material on modern technologies for information data transmission networks. On the basis of this, an urgent need is revealed for training personnel in the study of network technologies in order to improve the efficiency of the functioning of the railway infrastructure. Therefore, it is more important than ever to transform the educational process, to direct resources to introduce as much network equipment as possible into classrooms for visual acquaintance and study of the main points of packet switching by students of the railway university. The work also presents the progress of the laboratory work on the topic "Static Routing in Packet Switching Networks", which is performed in the Cisco Packet Tracer software network emulator. All the necessary commands used to perform laboratory work by students of a railway university are presented. The laboratory work, in turn, is devoted to the user interface, network configuration, one of the types of routing. It is concluded that by developing an educational program for students to study the work of building packet switching networks, it will be possible to produce a qualified specialist who deeply understands the operation of telecommunications equipment. This is what will improve the network component of railway transport.
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