The aim of the study was to determine in vitro biological activity of fruit ethanol extract from Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai (Japanese quince, JQ) and its important constituents (−)-epicatechin (EC) and chlorogenic acid (CA). The study also investigated the structural changes in phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposomes, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes, and erythrocyte membranes (RBC) induced by the extract. It was found that the extract effectively inhibits oxidation of RBC, induced by 2,2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH), and PC liposomes, induced by UVB radiation and AAPH. Furthermore, JQ extract to a significant degree inhibited the activity of the enzymes COX-1 and COX-2, involved in inflammatory reactions. The extract has more than 2 times greater activity in relation to COX-2 than COX-1 (selectivity ratio 0.48). JQ extract stimulated growth of the beneficial intestinal bacteria Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum. In the fluorimetric method by means of the probes Laurdan, DPH and TMA-DPH, and 1H-NMR, we examined the structural changes induced by JQ and its EC and CA components. The results show that JQ and its components induce a considerable increase of the packing order of the polar heads of lipids with a slight decrease in mobility of the acyl chains. Lipid membrane rigidification could hinder the diffusion of free radicals, resulting in inhibition of oxidative damage induced by physicochemical agents. JQ extract has the ability to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of human serum albumin through static quenching. This report thus could be of huge significance in the food industry, pharmacology, and clinical medicine.
We investigated the effects of acylated cyanidin-3-O-β-(6″-O-E-p-coumaroyl-sambubioside)-5-O-β-glucoside (C3cs-5G) and nonacylated cyanidin, cyanidin-3,5-di-O-β-glucoside (C3,5G) and cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside (C3G), on cell-mimic membranes (MM) that reflected the membrane lipid composition of tumor cells. The relationship between structural derivatives of cyanidin (Cy-d), membrane interactivity, their antioxidant activity, and interaction with albumin were characterized. Studies showed that Cy-d caused an increase in packing order mainly in the hydrophilic region of the membranes. Cy-d have shown high antioxidant activity against liposome oxidation induced by AAPH and ability to bind to albumin through a static quenching mechanism. The results showed that glycosylation number and the presence of aromatic acid attached to sugars affected the membrane properties, according to the sequence C3-cs-5G > C3,5G > C3G. It can be stated that Cy-d in the process of interaction with MM caused a rigidifying effect, which is fundamental for understanding their anticancer and antioxidant activity and is one of the possible pharmaceutical mechanisms.
Hendrich AB, Strugała P, Dudra A, et al. Microbiological, antioxidant and lipoxygenase-1 inhibitory activities of fruit extracts of chosen Rosaceae family species. Adv Clin Exp Med. AbstractBackground. Extracts from the Rosaceae family fruits are rich in natural, biologically active polyphenols, but their antibacterial properties are still poorly understood. Therefore, we focused our research on their activity against uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains. This research also concerned the proof of their ability to reduce oxidative stress and modulate the activity of lipoxygenase-1 (LOX-1). It is well-known that plants represent a source of bioactive compounds whose antioxidant activity may be useful in protecting against oxidative damage in cells, which have been linked to the pathogenesis of many oxidative diseases.Objectives. The study determined the biological activity of methanol (ME) and water (WE) extracts rich in polyphenols from the hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.), dog rose (Rosa canina L.), quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.), and Japanese quince (Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai).Material and methods. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated using 1, 1diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH ▪ ) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS +▪ ) radical scavenging methods. The inhibition of liposome membrane oxidation was studied using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay. Lipoxygenase-1 inhibitory activity was measured using the spectrophotometric method. Bacterial growth was determined by evaluating the number of colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL). Hydrophobicity was established with salt aggregation hydrophobicity test (SAT). Swimming and swarming motilities were evaluated using soft-agar plates. Production of curli fimbriae was estimated on CFA agar. The P fimbriae were detected using the hemagglutination of erythrocytes. Adhesion of bacteria to human uroepithelial cells was assessed. The amount of biofilm was determined spectrophotometrically.Results. We showed that most of these extracts are effective antioxidants and free radical scavengers, possess reasonable potential anti-inflammatory activity, reduce the adhesion of E. coli to uroepithelial cells, and reduce the ability of these bacteria to form biofilm. Conclusions.The extracts examined, showing very promising biological properties, seem to be able to join the list of substances that can be used as dietary supplements aimed at preventing, for example, urinary tract infections, or as support of drug treatment in many diseases.
In this study we focused on the chemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties of methanol and water extracts of fruits of six species grown in southwest Poland: blackberry, blackcurrant, chokeberry, cherry, gooseberry and raspberry. No general correlation could be drawn between extract chemical properties (i.e. antioxidant and free radical scavenging) and observed biological effects. However, blackcurrant and blackberry extracts (both methanol and water) appeared to be good antioxidants and free radical scavengers, as well as effective inhibitors of E. coli adhesion to the uroepithelial cells. On the other hand, the poorest antioxidants and free radical scavengers, cherry and gooseberry extracts, also poorly affected bacterial growth, swimming ability and adhesion to epithelial cells. Surprisingly, gooseberry extracts, which showed generally weak effects, appeared to be the most effective inhibitor of bacterial biofilm formation. Additionally, most of the studied extracts showed reasonably strong anti-inflammatory properties.
This study aimed to determine the biological activity of Rosa rugosa Thunb. extracts in the four versions: methanolic (ME), diethyl ether (EE), ethyl acetate (EA) and water (WE). We studied the antioxidant activity of the extracts in relation to phospholipid membranes, their association constants with the membrane, and antiradical and antiinflammatory activity. Percentage of their liposomal encapsulation was also assessed. R. rugosa ME and EA extracts were observed to decrease peroxidation of PC liposomes (UVC-induced) to similar levels (ME) or lower (EA) compared with the activity of Rosa canina L. The other two extracts (EE and WE) of R. rugosa showed significantly lower antioxidant activity than extracts of R. canina. R. rugosa quenched DPPH• and inhibited COX activity. R. rugosa EA has the highest association constant, whereas the association constants of EE, ME, and WE are approximately 1-2 orders of magnitude smaller. EA extract also showed the highest percentage of encapsulation in liposomal carriers. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSLiterature reports attest to the healing properties of extract of R. canina (Litozin, AXELLUS, Denmark). Our studies have demonstrated that extracts of R. rugosa have strong antioxidant (in relation to UV-induced oxidation of phosphatidylcholine liposomes) and antiradical (in relation to DPPH • ) properties, indicating a potential use of these extracts as natural antioxidants, e.g., in the food, pharmaceutical and beauty industry, in particular for protecting peroxidation sensitive components such as unsaturated fatty acids. The ability of R. rugosa extract (the EA version) to strongly inhibit oxidation of arachidonic acid, induced by COX-1 and COX-2, indicates a possibility of application of this extract in prevention and/or elimination of arthritis. The determined high level of encapsulation of R. rugosa EA extract in liposomal carriers may increase the bioavailability of the extract supplied to the body in the form of liposomal nanocapsules and thus be instrumental in effective treatment of inflammatory conditions.
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