Edible insects represent a new functional source of nutrients that can contribute to solving nutritional deficiency problems. The antioxidant potential and bioactive compounds of nut bars with the addition of three edible insects were evaluated. Acheta domesticus L., Alphitobius diaperinus P. and Tenebrio molitor L. flours were used. A 30% share of insect flour in the bars resulted in significantly greater antioxidant activity (TPC increased from 190.19 for standard bars to 309.45 mg catechin/100 g for bars with 30% addition of cricket flour). Insect flour contributed significantly to an increase in 2,5-dihydrobenzoic acid (from 0.12 for bars with a 15% share of buffalo worm flour to 0.44 mg/100 g in the case of bars with a 30% share of cricket flour) and chlorogenic acid in all bars (from 0.58 for bars with a 15% share of cricket flour to 3.28 mg/100 g for bars with a 30% addition of buffalo worm flour), compared to the standard. The highest content of tocopherols was found in bars with cricket flour, compared to standard bars (43.57 and 24.06 mg/100 g of fat, respectively). The dominant sterol in bars enriched with insect powder was cholesterol. The highest amount of it was found in cricket bars, and the lowest in mealworm bars (64.16 and 21.62 mg/100 g of fat, respectively). The enrichment of nut bars with insect flours raises the levels of valuable phytosterols in the final product. The addition of edible insect flours reduced the perception of most sensory attributes of the bars, compared to the standard bar.
Poland is a big world producer of fruits and fruit products. The fruit industry leaves in large scale during fruit processing production waste called fruit pomace. Generally, the fruit pomace is thrown away on the prisms and calling production residues. Fruit pomace after processing still holds high amount of valuable compounds beneficial for human health, like dietary fibre, pectin and minerals. It also contains the broad spectrum of polyphenols which have high antioxidant activity. Therefore, it has big potential for being reutilized into pro-health edible products, not only for animal feed or pectin production as it mostly happens today. Many of the pomace components may be also successfully used in non-food industries like fuel industry; or be bio-transformed in the other way. For that reason, the use of fruit pomace as a raw material should be extended to production of more effective products to ensure sustainable development. Due to the problem of production residues disposal, it is advisable to present the possibility of further utilization of fruit waste and the consequent.
Potatoes, especially colored, are perceived as a valuable source of bioactive compounds, and they are also an important raw material for starch production. There is virtually no information about starch from colored potatoes grown in Central Europe. Therefore, starches from light and colored potato varieties are isolated, and their particle size distributions, molecular masses, phosphorus content, gelatinization properties, water binding capacity, and solubility are analyzed. It is found that the mean and minimum granule size is similar for all investigated varieties, but colored varieties have larger granules. Moreover, starches isolated from colored potatoes are characterized by a higher phosphorus content than those isolated from light ones. It is shown that the solubility and water-binding capacity of starch from colored potatoes is greater than that of light flesh, especially at higher temperatures. Starches from light flesh potatoes are characterized by significantly higher gelatinization enthalpy values than those from colored potatoes.
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