Increasing cultural diversity in both the public and private sectors has focused attention on the differences between various ethnic groups in their attitudes and performance at work. This study examines the similarities and differences in work climate perceptions and levels of job satisfaction among Anglo-American and Mexican-American employees of a general purpose local government. Mexican-Americans comprised a majority of the workforce studied, thus the observed differences in their work attitudes relative to the Anglo employees can be attributed to cultural differences rather than a numerical minority status. This study also provides some insight into the challenges that face public managers as the workforce becomes more socially representative. The results are used as a basis for developing specific recommendations for public sector managers and personnel administrators.
The pernicious problem of sexual harassment continues to infest criminal justice workplaces. The research indicates and theory predicts that the incidence level of this behavior is particularly high in work environments that are traditionally and predominantly male, descriptors that are applicable to most criminal justice work. Thus, in this study of sexual harassment incidence in seven women's jails, where the number and status of women workers is generally higher, the authors find a predictably lower level of sexual harassment than might be expected in similarly situated men's facilities. The authors also find that gender is the most important variable in predicting support for affirmative action in these unique jails.
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. Boston University African Studies Center and Board of Trustees, Boston University are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The International Journal of African Historical Studies. All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions BOOK REVIEWS 692 BOOK REVIEWS rian of the Islamic city? Several important points deserve brief summarization. The reinterpretation of the nature of the Islamic city offered in this volume is much more highly sophisticated than any purported before; the legacy from classical antiquity was more complex than earlier imagined; the lack of corporate institutions was a deficiency in Islam but it did not reduce the strength nor the vitality of Islamic urban life; the inadequacy of Western criteria for cities is strongly stated; the functional role of cities is given its due place; noncultural variables such as topography, climate, or water supply are revealed as crucial determinants, other things being equal, of a city's character; the contribution and techniques of art history are vividly portrayed; and finally, the importance of the ulama to' the lifestyle of Islamic cities offers a point of departure for new research on the subject. Furthermore, the colloquium as a whole impresses upon us the immensity of the task involved in the dissection of any particular city at any point of time and the analysis of its total historical development. A wide knowledge of the literary sources, an awareness of artistic and architectural genres, a grounding in archaeology, a grasp of linguistic problems, the list of like skills goes on and on. Faced with all this, that the contributors to, this colloquium could help us even begin to resolve some of the knotty questions they ask is a wonder.But ask and attempt tol resolve them they do, and the resulting concepts and techniques should aid the Africanist in unraveling the Islamic element in many of the towns of the sub-Saharan Sudanic belt such as Timbuctoo,, Agades, Kano, Sokoto, or Khartoum. We might ask, for example, if Islam has resulted in torturous streets, bustling souks, protective citadels, peculiar residential patterns, or city centers dominated by mosque and madrasa? What resemblances can be shown between the nineteenth-century created city of Sokoto, and the eighth-century created city of Baghdad? A most informative study would result from a comparison of the five sub-Saharan Sudanic towns mentioned above with five non-Islamic towns located in the same general area. In this way those peculiar characteristics which have heretofore been attributed to a mystical entity known as the Islamic city could be tested and modified. Perhaps the distinctiveness would dissolve or perhaps, in Hourani's wo...
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