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Purpose: To investigate the outcome of IVF following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) from ejaculate, percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA) and testicular sperm extraction (TESE), with subsequent blastocyst culture and single blastocyst transfer.Methods: Single blastocyst transfer was performed after ejaculate ICSI (oligozoospermia) in 587 patients, TESE/ PESA (azoospermia) in 31 patients, and standard IVF in 680 women.Results: There were only minor differences in IVF characteristics between the standard IVF and the PESA-TESE couples. Couples where ejaculate ICSI were performed seemed to represent a slightly poorer prognostic group. A viable fetus after the 12th gestational week, i.e. ongoing pregnancy, was present in 41.4% after ICSI/ET, 51.6% after PESA-TESE/ET and in 40.4% after standard IVF/ET (no significant differences).Conclusion: Single blastocyst transfer after ejaculate ICSI or after PESA/TESE appears to give similar results as conventional IVF blastocyst culture.

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A majority of the patients found viewing the sequences to be a relevant and important aspect of their treatments. Patients felt increased participation in, and increased satisfaction with the treatment. There was a clear interest in obtaining a copy of the time-lapse sequence but only if the treatment resulted in a pregnancy.If time-lapse technology is available in a clinic it could be an additive value to share the sequences with the patients as deepened information about their treatment. If a copy of the sequences is made available to the patients we recommend to delay the time for that at least until there is a verified ongoing pregnancy.

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