Background: The effect of lncRNA FTX on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) conversion to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. Methods: In our study, C57BL/6 mice was fed with high fat diet for obtaining NAFLD mouse model, and diethylnitrosamine induced the formation of HCC tumor. The expression of iNOS and CD206 in tissues were examined using immunohistochemistry. In addition, qRT-PCR was implemented to detect the expression of FTX and mRNAs. The percentage of M1 and M2 Kupffer cells (KCs) were determined using flow cytometry. The pathological change in liver tissues was displayed by H&E staining. Besides, immunofluorescence assay was performed to ensure the primary KCs through labeling F4/80. Results: Here, we found that the expression of FTX and the ratio of M1/M2 KCs in liver tissues from NAFLD-transformed HCC (NAFLD-HCC) patients lower than in liver tissues from NAFLD patients. Subsequently, we revealed that the expression of FTX and M1/M2 KCs ratio were downregulated during NAFLD conversion to HCC. Importantly, increasing of FTX inhibited HCC tumor growth, improved liver damage and promoted M1 polarization of KCs during NAFLD conversion to HCC, while these effects of FTX were reversed by inactivating of KCs. Finally, in vitro experiments, our data indicated that FTX facilitated the M1 polarization of KCs. Conclusion: In conclusion, our results demonstrated that upregulation of FTX suppressed NAFLD conversion to HCC though promoting M1 polarization of KCs. Our findings presented a new regulatory mechanism for NAFLD conversion to HCC, and provided a new biomarker for inhibiting this conversion.
Recently, there has been renewed interest in the American labor shortage of supply chains. Several studies have documented the labor shortages of the supply chain across the whole industry. However, different reasons and impacts of labor shortages divided specifically into skilled and unskilled workers have not yet to be understood. This study reports on the causes of American labor shortage of skilled and unskilled workers from different perspectives, and the different impacts on the supply chain. A combined qualitative and quantitative methodological approach was used to find and analyze the factors. The finding shows the causes of labor shortages are different between skilled and unskilled workers, each impact of which on the supply chain also differs. The study implies the importance of considering skilled workers and unskilled workers separately to solve the problems of labor shortage in the supply chain. The findings can contribute to a better understanding of labor shortage in the supply chain for two different workers. Keywords:labor shortage,supply chain,American worker 1.INTRODUCTIONBased on the definition of skilled [1] and unskilled [2] labor, skilled workers are those who have the expertise to perform more complex mental work than regular work, while unskilled workers are those who perform physical work that does not require specialized knowledge. The impact and reasons for both are really different. For skilled labor, although the epidemic made it unlikely for them to work in companies, they can still work from home. However, for unskilled labor, they have to work outside at risk. The population in the US has not shrunk since 2020. So the basic reason for the labor shortage is that people are not willing to go out to work [3]. This paper will focus on the different circumstances skilled and unskilled labor be faced with, find the cause of labor shortage and describe the impact of labor shortage on the supply chain.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility and safety of superficial temporal artery (STA)–middle cerebral artery (MCA) anastomosis in combination with encephalo-myo-synangiosis (EMS) in Chinese adult patients with moyamoya disease (MMD).MethodsA total of 65 patients with MMD who underwent combined STA–MCA bypass + EMS surgical revascularisation were included in this study. Each patient had a follow-up visit 6 months after discharge. Early bypass function was evaluated via computed tomography angiography and digital subtraction angiography, which were performed preoperatively and at 6 months after surgery. The perfusion parameters of cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), mean transit time (MTT) and time to peak (TTP) were obtained and analysed. The clinical status of each patient was evaluated using a modified Rankin scale (mRS) preoperatively and at 1 week and 6 months after surgery.ResultsAmong the 65 enrolled patients, postoperative complications were observed in 5 (7.69%) patients, with 2 cases of dysphasia, 2 cases of new cerebral infarction and 1 case of seizure. Six months after surgery, 66 out of 68 hemispheres were found to have a functioning extra-intracranial bypass, and the patency rate was 97.06%. In terms of CBF perfusion, both the CBF and CBV increased significantly, while the MTT and TTP decreased after surgery. The mRS scores measured 1 week and 6 months after surgery were much lower than those measured preoperatively.ConclusionA direct STA–MCA bypass procedure in combination with indirect EMS bypass is feasible and safe for Chinese adult patients with MMD.
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