Herbal curd was prepared by adding the Gymnema sylvestre leaf extract during fermentation and its activity against liver cancer was investigated on HepG2 cell lines by MTT (3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazole‐2yl]‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The prepared herbal curd was characterized with the help of qualitative phytochemical analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography‐ mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The sensory attributes and stability of the herbal curd were also determined. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of the herbal curd showed the transfer of phenolic compounds from the plant extract to herbal curd. The FT‐IR analysis exhibited that the Anhydride group present in the plant extract was infused into the herbal curd in addition to its other functional groups such as Alcohol, Alkyne, Alkene, Amide, Sulfate, Ether and Esters. The GC–MS analysis revealed the presence of 10 new compounds which were not present in curd or plant extract. The results of MTT assay showed that the herbal curd had significantly reduced the growth of HepG2 cells. The sensory evaluation proved that the herbal curd was delicious than the plant extract. Hence, it can be used as a potential food supplement for the treatment of liver cancer.
Practical Applications
Fermented milk products have been used for the prevention and treatment of various diseases including cancer and diabetes. Recently, the usage of medicinal plants for the treatment of cancer and other diseases has gained incredible attention due to their higher activity and minimal side effects. Gymnema sylvestre is a pharmacologically significant medicinal plant, used in different kinds of poly‐herbal formulations for the treatment of various diseases. In the present study, it was used for the preparation of herbal curd that will serve as an alternative remedial measure for treating liver cancer.
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a major source of environmental pollutants from tannery effluents. Reduction of hexavalent chromium was performed in a 500 mL working volume dual chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC). Synthetic wastewater containing Cr(VI) was used as anolyte and substrate for mixed microbial consortia to release electrons. The ions produced were transferred to cathodic chamber via a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM). In this study, sulphonated polyether ether ketone (SPEEK) was used as PEM and compared with Nafion 117 for Cr(VI) reduction. The microbial consortia that aided the treatment were isolated and identified to belong to Enterobacter, Acinetobacter, Stenotrophomonas and Pseudomonas species. The Cr(VI) reduction observed were 14.4% and 51% for MFCs with Nafion 117 and SPEEK as PEM, respectively. The wastewater analysis also showed improved percentage removal for SPEEK than for Nafion 117. The cost analysis shows that Nafion was 2 times higher than SPEEK to be used as PEM. This study highlights that SPEEK as PEM in MFC will be an efficient method for reduction of Cr(VI) from tannery effluents.
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