The cassava green mite, Mononychellus tanajoa, is a key pest of cassava, Manihot esculenta Crantz (Euphorbiaceae), and it may be kept in check by naturally occurring predatory mites of the family Phytoseiidae. In addition to predatory mites, abiotic factors may also contribute to regulate pest mite populations in the field. Here, we evaluated the population densities of both M. tanajoa and the generalist predatory mite Euseius ho DeLeon (Acari: Phytoseiidae) over the cultivation cycle (11 months) of cassava in four study sites located around the city of Miranda do Norte, Maranhão, Brazil. The abiotic variables rainfall, temperature and relative humidity were also recorded throughout the cultivation cycle of cassava. We determined the relative importance of biotic (density of E. ho) and abiotic (rainfall, temperature and relative humidity) factors to the density of M. tanajoa. The density of M. tanajoa increased whereas the density of E. ho remained constant throughout time. A hierarchical partitioning analysis revealed that most of the variance for the density of M. tanajoa was explained by rainfall and relative humidity followed by E. ho density and temperature. We conclude that abiotic factors, especially rainfall, were the main mechanisms driving M. tanajoa densities.

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The cassava green mite, Mononychellus tanajoa, is an important pest of cassava, Manihot esculenta (Euphorbiaceae), in the northeastern state of Maranhão, Brazil. Predatory mites of the family Phytoseiidae are key natural enemies of pest mites and are found inhabiting cassava plants. We compared some biological aspects and the growth rate of M. tanajoa and the generalist phytoseiid Euseius ho the most abundant predatory mite inhabiting cassava plants in the study region. All experiments were conducted in the laboratory on leaf discs of cassava leaves. The predatory mite was fed in all developmental stages with M. tanajoa. Euseius ho had lower periods of egg, larva, protonymph and deutonymph developmental periods, as well as the period from egg to adult compared to M. tanajoa. Furthermore, the predatory mite E. ho had a high instantaneous rate of increase (ri), yet lower than that observed for its prey, the cassava green mite M. tanajoa. The laboratory results suggest that the predatory mite E. ho may contribute to regulate populations of M. tanajoa in the field.

Lethal and sublethal toxicity of the neem oil Bioneem® to the predatory mite Proprioseiopsis neotropicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) were evaluated by combining lethal doses (LD) with population growth and biological parameter studies. Dose-mortality bioassays were conducted to estimate the lethal doses of the neem oil to P. neotropicus using probit analyses. Afterwards, the instantaneous rate of increase (ri) was used to evaluate the sublethal effects of the neem oil to P. neotropicus based on reproduction and mortality data. The effects were further assessed by comparing some life history parameters of P. neotropicus exposed to a sublethal dose of neem oil. The dose of neem oil which kills 50% of the population (LD50) of the predatory mite P. neotropicus was 7.5 μl/ cm2. The instantaneous rate of increase of the predatory mite P. neotropicus did not vary with increases of dosages of neem oil. Similarly, the LD25 of the neem oil did not affect biological parameters of the predatory mite. Based on our lethal and sublethal approach we conclude that the neem oil Bioneem® is generally selective to the predatory mite P. neotropicus.