Introduction: Myocardial ischemia and acute myocardial infarction are important episodes of cardiac ailments. Cardiac biomarkers are a growing area of interest, constantly evolving and presenting potential promises diagnostically to supplement the instrumental techniques. They play a vital role in every stage of sequel of cardiac ailment by contributing to the diagnosis and differentiating the conditions.Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic significance of emerging cardiac biomarkers during myocardial ischemia and infarction (AMI) and to construct a definitive pattern shift of markers in ischemia versus infarction in uncomplicated cases, hence the predictive element. Materials and methods:In this comparative cross-sectional study, three groups i.e. control (n = 33), ischemia (n = 38), and infarction (42) of either sex with an age group of 70 were included. The cardiac parameters, ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), creatine kinase (CK), high sensitive cardiac troponin I (hscTnI), N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NTpro-BNP), myoglobin, and heart type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) analyses were carried out for their sensitivity and specificity.Results: All the parameters in infarction were significantly raised when compared with the control group. In ischemia, the markers NTproBNP, hscTnI, and IMA and in infarction, the NTproBNP, hscTnI, and H-FABP showed more area under the curve. Conclusion:The markers exhibited different pattern shift in ischemia and infarction. The combination of hscTnI, NTproBNP, and IMA would increase the sensitivity in the detection of ischemia. In case of AMI, the H-FABP in the early stages, and NTproBNP, hscTnI, IMA, and CKMB in the later stages of ACS contribute immensely for the diagnosis.
Objective: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an independent risk factor for all cardiovascular complication of hypertension (HTN), in this group, early detection is very important for better management. Therefore, the aim of our study is to evaluate cardiac markers in HTN with LVH. Methods:The study comprised 95 patients with the evidence of HTN. These cases were further divided into two groups, i.e., HTN without LVH and HTN with LVH groups. We assessed blood pressure, electrocardiography, and echocardiography. All the cardiac markers were assessed. Results:In the cases of LVH with HTN group, the serum cardiac parameter such as N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) was significantly raised. However, the serum myoglobin and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) did not showed any significant rise when compared with control. In the cases of LVH without HTN, all these three parameters not have shown any significant raise when compared with control. Conclusion:Apart from imaging techniques, the assessment of serum NT-proBNP act as better marker for identifying LVH than the traditional markers such as CK-MB and myoglobin.
COPD is generally associated with chronic inflammation in peripheral airway and lung parenchyma which finally leads to obstruction of the airways. The diagnostic criteria for COPD is FEV1/FVC ratio which is less than 0.7. Arginase being the key enzyme of urea cycle, is also expressed in extra hepatic tissue including lung in the bronchial epithelial cells and endothelial cells. The main function of arginase here, is to regulate the formation of nitric oxide, indirectly competing for the common substrate L- arginine. The NO forms peroxynitrite on reaction with reactive oxygen species due to oxidative stress. Peoxynitrite is unstable molecule and breaks down to nitrite and nitrate. The present research work was approved by Institutional Ethical committee. Informed consent was obtained from the patients and controls prior to the study. It is a case control study and it included 45 COPD patients between the age group of 40-60 years who attended the outpatient department of pulmonary medicine, Maharajah’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Nellimarla, Vizianagaram. These are labeled cases. 45 normal healthy age and sex matched individuals with normal FEV1/FVC ratio are considered as controls.
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