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To determine the diagnostic accuracy of state, minimally invasive clinical and physical signs (or sets of signs) to be used as screening tests for detecting impending or current water-loss dehydration, or both, in older people by systematically reviewing studies that have measured a reference standard and at least one index test in people aged 65 years and over. 1 Clinical and physical signs for identification of impending and current water-loss dehydration in older people (Protocol)

Objective: To investigate the effect of an 8-week group-based cognitive behaviour therapy lifestyle intervention with monthly follow-up to 6 months and further follow up at 12 months on change in weight and other weight-related variables, change in physical activity and change in health and well being compared to individualised dietetic treatment or giving an information booklet only (BO). Design: A randomised controlled trial of two intervention groups, a group-based cognitive behaviour therapy lifestyle intervention, Fat Booters Incorporated -(FBI) and individualised dietetic treatment (IDT) and control group receiving an information booklet only (BO). The intervention groups involved weekly contact for 8 weeks with monthly follow-up to 6 months and further follow-up at 12 months, conducted in real practice setting. Subjects: A total of 176 adults with body mass index (BMI)427 kg/m 2 , mean (7s.d.) age 48713 years, mean BMI 3475.5 kg/m 2 . Main outcome measures: Weight, percent body fat, waist circumference, physical activity, health status, self-efficacy and satisfaction with life were measured at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months. Results: A statistically significant difference between groups was observed for weight change over time (P ¼ 0.05). The change in weight (mean7s.e.) for the FBI group was significantly greater than the BO group at 3 and 12 months (À2.870.7 compared to À1.070.6 kg, Po0.05 and À2.970.9 compared to þ 0.570.9 kg, Po0.005, respectively). Change in weight in the IDT group did not differ from the FBI group at any time point. For all groups, waist circumference was significantly less than baseline at all time points (Po0.001). Significant differences in self-efficacy were observed over time (P ¼ 0.02), with both intervention groups having greater self-efficacy than the BO group. Significant drop-outs occurred over time for all three groups. Conclusions: A cognitive behaviour-based lifestyle intervention was more effective than providing an information booklet alone and as effective as intensive individualised dietetic intervention in weight loss and improvements in self-efficacy. International Journal of Obesity (2006) IntroductionOverweight and obesity have grown to be one of the major public health problems of the 21st century, both in developed and developing countries. 1 Recent national data indicate that approximately 60% of the adult Australian population is overweight or obese. 2 Obesity per se has now been recognised as an independent chronic condition, which contributes over 4% to the burden of disease in Australia. 3 Combined with lack of physical activity, which contributes 7%, this is an overall contribution of 11%. The true cost of this burden of disease has been estimated at A$680-1239m from the impact of obesity and overweight alone. 4 Received 25 International Journal of Obesity (2006) 30, 1557-1564 & 2006 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0307-0565/06 $30.00 www.nature. com/ijoIntervention studies for the management of overweight and obesity have shown disappointing ...