Markers of neurologic injuries are increased in children with septic shock. This may indicate subclinical injuries that are either transient or permanent. Studies that correlate the long-term neurologic outcome of children with these markers are needed to identify children at risk for neurologic injuries from septic shock.

Residents displayed significant improvements in resuscitation performance after a single simulation-based mastery learning session, but performance declined over time, with less than 60% retaining mastery-level performance at 6 months. Our results suggest that relatively frequent refresher training is needed after a single simulation-based mastery learning session. Additional research is needed to determine the duration of performance retention following any specific simulation-based mastery learning intervention.

Sedation and anesthesia can induce a significant rise in cortisol in children. Additional studies should be performed to validate our results and to determine whether stress dosing of corticosteroids may be needed for children with adrenal insufficiency undergoing sedated procedures.

Pulmonary compliance changes are a sensitive and an accurate indicator of endobronchial intubation in infants and children. Both increased peak airway pressures and changes in breath sounds are less sensitive indicators of endobronchial intubation.