Determinou-se a composição das espécies de moscas-das-frutas, realizou-se a análise faunística de adultos de Tephritidae e verificou-se a correlação entre a flutuação populacional com os fatores climáticos: temperatura média, umidade relativa do ar e precipitação pluviométrica, medidos pelo coeficiente de Pearson (p < 0,05). As coletas foram realizadas na Reserva Florestal Picadinha (22º09'20,5"S e 54º59'03,7"W/22º08'32,6"S e 55º00'01,2"W), Fazenda Paradouro II, município de Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul. Onze armadilhas McPhail foram instaladas na borda da Reserva e checadas semanalmente entre maio de 2001 e maio de 2002. Foram capturadas, nas armadilhas, 14 espécies de moscas-das-frutas. Anastrepha elegans Blanchard, 1961 foi a espécie predominante. Este é o primeiro estudo das populações de adultos para Anastrepha amita Zucchi, 1979 A. elegans e Anastrepha pseudoparallela (Loew, 1873) no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. A umidade relativa apresentou correlação negativa com as capturas de A. elegans e A. serpentina (Wiedemann, 1830). A precipitação pluviométrica e a temperatura média apresentaram correlação positiva com o número de adultos de Anastrepha sororcula Zucchi, 1979 e A. pseudoparallela capturado, respectivamente.
Este experimento foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de determinar os efeitos de doses de bioestimulante, aplicado via sementes, sobre o vigor de sementes e plântulas de faveiro (Dimorphandra mollis Benth.). Foram utilizadas sementes previamente escarificadas com ácido sulfúrico em experimentos realizados nos anos de 2006 e 2007. Sementes de Dimorphandra mollis, colhidas em agosto de 2006 (primeiro experimento), foram tratadas com as seguintes doses do bioestimulante Stimulate®: 0; 3,5; 7,0; 10,5 e 14 mL.0,5 Kg-1 de sementes; e, sementes colhidas em agosto de 2007 (segundo experimento), foram tratadas com doses de 0; 15; 20 e 25 mL.0,5Kg-1 de sementes. Após o tratamento com o bioestimulante, as sementes foram semeadas em bandejas de células contendo latossolo vermelho distroférrico + plantmax® na proporção de 1:1 (v:v). O efeito de diferentes doses de Stimulate® em sementes de Dimorphandra mollis colhidas em diferentes anos foi avaliado por meio de porcentagem de emergência, índice de velocidade de emergência, comprimento de raiz, altura da parte aérea e massa seca de plântulas. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições de 25 sementes para cada tratamento. As doses de 14 (lote 2006) e 15 mL.0,5Kg-1 de sementes (lote 2007) proporcionaram maiores porcentagem de emergência (50% e 66%, respectivamente) e índices de velocidade de emergência (0,67 e 0,9 respectivamente). O tratamento das sementes com a dose de 20 mL.0,5Kg-1 de sementes do bioestimulante favoreceu o comprimento da parte aérea, mas não influenciou os demais índices de vigor de plântulas de Dimorphandra mollis.
Efficiency of Liquid and Granular Formulations of Insecticides for Mound-building Termites Cornitermes cumulans (Kollar) (Isoptera: Termitidae) ABSTRACT-The importance of testing molecules, as a strategy to chemical control, concerns the use of a selective product with high efficiency against the pests combined with the residual power; and this product should be environmentally, economically and operationally viable. The objective of this research was to study the chemical control of mound-building termites Cornitermes cumulans (Kollar) (Isoptera: Termitidae). The study was conducted in pasture, at the Estância Nelore located at km 236 of highway BR-163 in the municipality of Caarapó, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, during the period from November 6 th to December 6 th , 2007. Four active ingredients (A.I.) were evaluated: imidacloprid, fipronil, deltamethrin and chlorpyriphos, at the dosages of 0.60 g, 0.20 g, 1.0 g and 1.2 g, respectively, applied per termite monticule. A completely randomized design with five treatments and ten replications was adopted. The treatments were represented by the control group and the four A.I.'s. Each replication consisted of one active termite mound about 50 cm in height. The chosen termite mounds were identified with lime based paint. To calculate the efficiency of A.I.s tested, the Abbott formula was used. Means were compared by multiple comparison test U of Mann-Whitney with significance level of 5%. The results demonstrated the high potential of chlorpyriphos in controlling C. cumulans.
The ground pearl, Eurhizococcus brasiliensis (Wille) (Hemiptera: Margarodidae), is the most important grapevine pest in Brazil. Its seasonal occurrence and distribution on the roots of the different development stages were determined to allow better monitoring of this insect and better targeting of its vulnerable life stages. Yellow cysts (after the first nymphal moult) showed the lowest density in October, followed by a gradual increase towards August. White cysts (cysts with enclosed pre-pupal males or females) occurred from August to December, with a peak in November. Mobile females (adult females emerging from the white cysts) were found from August to December, with a peak in August. Parthenogenetic females that remain in the ruptured white cysts for egg laying were present from August to April, with a peak in November. Mobile nymphs (first instar) were also found from August to April, with a peak in December. Yellow cysts were most abundant at depths of 0 to 25 cm. The horizontal survey showed that cysts occurred mostly on the trunk below the ground (trunk of the rootstock), and that almost all occurred in an area of 20 cm width around the trunk. These results provide important information for better monitoring of this pest and to develop better methods for and timing of chemical control.
The fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritoidea), are the dipteran with greater economic importance, including pest species of various fruit crops such as guava. For the management of these pests, it is essential to know what species are present in the culture, as well as in the surrounding native vegetation, which may serve as a reservoir for these species. The objective of this research was to characterize and compare through faunistic analysis (frequency, abundance, constancy, equitativity, richness and diversity) populations of Anastrepha Schiner and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) and a commercial guava orchard in a fragment of adjacent native semideciduous forest in Central-West Region of Brazil. The fruit flies were collected from January 2008 to March 2009, through McPhail traps containing 5% solution of corn syrup. A total of 4,180 fruit fly specimens were collected in the forest fragment, and 20,108 in the guava orchard. Besides C. capitata, nine species of Anastrepha were found in the forest, with A. undosa Stone occurring exclusively in this ecosystem. In the orchard, C. capitata and eleven Anastrepha species were collected, three of them exclusively found in this ecosystem: A. amita Zucchi, A. zenildae Zucchi, and A. distincta Greene. The species A. sororcula Zucchi and A. fraterculus (Wiedemann) were classified as superabundant, constant, superdominant and superfrequent in both ecosystems. The species richness and abundance were higher in the guava orchard than in the forest fragment.
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