We studied eight patients with incontinentia pigmenti to investigate the possibility of immunologic abnormalities. In six patients a defect of polymorphonuclear chemotaxis was revealed; lymphocyte subpopulations, serum immunoglobulin levels, and peripheral eosinophils were within normal limits. We hope these findings will stimulate further investigations into the mechanisms involved.
A 5-yr-old boy was first seen at the age of 11 months when he presented with growth retardation, skeletal dysmorphisms and neutropenia. Since then he has remained leukopenic except when he has pulmonary infections with a marked leukocytosis. Despite his neutropenia, marked myeloid hyperplasia was evident on marrow smear examination; many cells showed abnormally hypersegmented nuclei, with unusual shape or pyknotic nuclei. Phagocytic cells showed impaired phagocytosis, candidacidal activity, metabolic burst and chemotaxis. Moreover, the patient's serum generated less chemotactic activity than normal serum. These data indicate a selectively complex defect of the neutrophil during differentiation associated with the presence of an inhibitor of chemotactic factors in the patient's serum.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been isolated from fetal tissues as early as 13 weeks and later from fetal blood. These findings have raised the possibility of prenatal diagnosis of infected fetuses by identification of the virus in the fetal compartment. Study of the fetal immune status has proved reliable in prenatal diagnosis of congenital immunodeficiency, and we have tested the possibility to diagnose acquired immunodeficiency in utero by this approach. We studied T lymphocyte subsets and their mitogenic response in fetal blood obtained after elective termination at midgestation in 8 cases and at delivery in 26 cases of maternal HIV infection. Results have been compared to appropriate normal controls. No significant difference was found in terms of total lymphocytes, CD4 and CD8 populations and phytohemagglutinin responses. This indicates either that immunological parameters currently used to assess postnatal immunodeficiency are not reliable during intrauterine life or that the intrauterine environment and the transplacental passage of maternal antibodies interfere with development of prenatal immunodeficiency.
Maggiore sarà l'impatto della tecnologia sulle nostre vite, maggiore sarà il nostro bisogno di natura. Questo è quanto emerge anche da questa revisione bimestrale. Vengono riassunti articoli che evidenziano l'importanza delle bonifiche per la salute delle popolazioni che vivono vicino a siti inquinati, altri che sottolineano la vulnerabilità della popolazione infantile ai metalli pesanti presenti nella polvere delle strade o ai pesticidi per le donne in gravidanza e per la futura prole. Altri articoli ancora sottolineano l'importanza dell'educazione ambientale come promozione della consapevolezza nelle giovani menti e dimostrano come le attività in natura possano aiutare lo sviluppo cognitivo oltre che la salute fisica e mentale dei bambini. Si evidenzia infine come molto lavoro debba essere ancora fatto per formare gli operatori sanitari sulle azioni di mitigazione ed adattamento agli impatti del cambiamento climatico che stiamo vivendo. Parte di questo lavoro spetta anche a noi pediatri, e questo è uno dei compiti di questa rubrica. Come nei numeri precedenti vengono qui riassunti sinteticamente i principali articoli pubblicati nelle riviste monitorate. Tutti gli articoli e gli editoriali ritenuti degni di attenzione vengono elencati divisi per argomento, con un sintetico commento. Questo numero si basa sul controllo sistematico delle pubblicazioni di Maggio e Giugno 2022. Environment and healthThe greatest will the impact of technology on our life be, the greatest will our need for nature be. This is what emerges from this bimonthly review. Some articles put in evidence the importance of soil remediations for the health of people living near polluted sites. Others articles underline children's vulnerability to the heavy metals present in street dust or the risks of pesticides for pregnant women and future offspring. Other articles emphasize the importance of environmental education to increase awareness both in children and teenagers and how activities in natural environments can help cognitive development as well as physical and mental health. Finally, it is highlighted how much work still needs to do be done to train health workers on mitigation and adaptation actions to the impacts of climate change we are experiencing. A part of this work is also up to us pediatricians, and this is one of the tasks of this review. This issue summarizes the main articles published in the monitored journals. All articles and editorials deemed worthy of attention are listed divided by topic, with a concise comment. This number is based on the systematic review of the May and June 2022 publications. xxxxxxxxxxx Ambiente e Salute Indice :: Cambiamento climatico 1. Gestire gli impatti sulla salute degli eventi climatici estremi (vedi approfondimento) :: Inquinamento atmosferico 1. Esposizione all' inquinamento atmosferico pre e postnatale, problemi comportamentali infantili e prestazioni cognitive 2. L' esposizione all' inquinamento atmosferico è associata ad anomalie congenite nei nati da fecondazione in vitro 3. Effetti citoge...
The PMN,thanks to its ability to engulf and kill microorganisms, works as first defence against invading bacteria.whether or nQt antibiotics are administered.Because ofthe so-called "postantibiotic effectl',antibiotics in vitro slow down bacterial growth and metabolism for a period stretching beyond the exposure.0ur study aims at assaying the capacity of E to influence PMN activity against microorganisms. PMN function was evaluated by chemotaxis,using the modified Boyden technique,and by Candida Albicans phagocytosis and killing using Lehre, and Cline technique.PMN8s were isolated from the peripheral blood of 9 healthy children(mean age 7,1622.82) treated with a single oral dose of 25mg/Kg of E. Blood wase drawn prior to the administration of the antibiotic(reference value of PMN activity),2 hrs. later (when E blood levels reach their peakland 8 hrs. later(2 hrs. after disappearance of E from the blood).The results show that,from the 8th hour on.there is a considerable increase in PMN phagocytic and killer activity(phF 0,171 c0.04 before;0,40+0,08 after 8 hrs.;p<<0,001-% killing 23,08+4,16 before;32,6+5,1 after 8 hrs.;p
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