Mushrooms are a nutritionally, economically, and biotechnologically valuable group of organisms. They are packed with nutritional value in the form of low calories, high protein, and fiber contents. Besides being an important source of food, mushrooms are exploited by man in various ways. Mushrooms can be used in the pharmaceutical industry as antioxidant, anticancer, and immunomodulating agents. They are, at the same time beneficial for human beings and forests as nutrient recyclers in the form of natural decomposers. Mushrooms are also the best source to attain sustainable development goals set by the UNO. Food insecurity, malnutrition and pollution are some of the major issues faced by the modern world in the recent era. Mushrooms in the form of mushroom farming are a promising way to overcome these challenges. Mushroom farming is an efficient way for agroindustrial waste disposal and ensures food security. It is also the cheapest source to make up for the deficiency caused by malnutrition. It supports the local economy by providing more opportunities for livelihood and income by local and national trade. The present review emphasizes the comprehensive account of the different aspects of mushrooms exploitation by which it can save the planet earth and people living on it.
Tulostoma loonbanglaense sp. nov. is described from Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. ITS sequences confirm its position within the genus Tulostoma, and suggest that it is separate from other identified species of this genus. The species has globose to subglobose, with wide, solitary and appressed spines basidiospores, the basidiospores are relatively small, 4.39 Â 4.23 μm, that make it distinguished from the related species. Sequences of nr ITS region of the newly described species nested as a distinct taxon in both phylogenetic analyses of the current study.
Lentinus tigrinus is a significant edible and medicinal mushroom. It was collected from University of the Punjab, Lahore under a Morus tree. For the domestication of this wild significant species, its three parameters i.e., culturability, spawn production and cultivation potential were assessed using different synthetic culture media and substrates. Completely randomized design was used to determine the parameters and all the effects were evaluated in triplicates. Among these different media used, maximum mycelial growth where observed on the potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 35°C, followed by the compost extract agar (CEA) medium, malt extract agar (MEA), glucose peptone agar (GPA), and Saboraud dextrose agar (SDA). Spawning material was prepared on rice, sorghum and barley grains by the cultured mycelium on PDA medium. Sorghum grains were found as the appropriate medium for spawn production of this fungus. Cultivation potential and biological efficiency was assessed on the different substrates i.e., pure rice straw, pure sawdust, pure tea-waste, mixture of sawdust and rice straw, mixture of tea waste and sawdust and mixture of tea waste and rice straw. Mixed substrate of sawdust and rice straw at 30oC showed the maximum yield. Tea-waste medium was used as the casing material and proved very effective. These results indicated that Lentinus tigrinus exhibit the growth potential and its domestication can compete with nutritional and medicinal peculiarities of one of the most cultivated species, L. edodes.
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