Degradation in soil fertility is an enormous problem in agricultural intensification system. Availability in phosphate is one of among encountered problems. Peat soils have large areas and great potential for agriculture and plantations, but have many obstacles in their management. One of the issues is the low soil fertility and low availability of nutrients, especially phosphate which exists in many organic forms that are not available to plants. Phosphorous is an essential element after nitrogen, which plays an important role in plant growth and metabolism and the process of soil microbiology. Introduction of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) as biofertilizer, is a renewable energy based which can increase the availability of phosphate to plants can overcome this problem and at the same time reducing the use of inorganic P fertilizer. Indigenous PSB, isolated from palm oil plantation could be used as a better and friendly bio-agent to improve soil fertility, specifically for phosphate availability. Eight PSB have been isolated from peat soil in oil palm platation. Morphological, biochemical characterization and molecular identifications showed that the 8 isolates belonged to Flavobacterium and Enterobacter genera, more precisely the species of Burkholderia sp and Novosphingobium nitrogenifigens. Characterization of isolates of the highest PSB activity consisted of the ability to dissolve phosphate in Pikovskaya solid medium, temperature resistance optimization and the ability to produce phosphatase enzyme. Results showed that isolate with the highest potentiality of dissolving phosphate formed 3.5 cm of clear zone diameter and the phosphatase activity at 9 days of incubation 5.992 units (μmol / ml / min). The peak of enzyme's activity was reached at 6 days , which corresponded to 54.782 ppm of phosphorus solubilised. The lowest pH (3.2) was reached at 1 st day of incubation. These isolates showed the ability to grow optimally at temperature range of 25 to 30 0 C. Indigenous PSB could be used as biofertilizer agents which are eco friendly.
Abstract. Oil palms ((Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), have been widely cultivated in Sumatera for over two planting generations and occupied lands with various soil characteristics. In order to investigate microbial diversity in various soil characteristics of oil palm plantation, a molecular analysis called Terminal Restriction Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) was adopted. The aim of this research was to analyze the bacterial diversity within several oil palm plantations in Sumatera. DNA extraction was performed using soil DNA extraction kit and analysis was performed using fragment analysis following T-RFLP techniques. Data analysis was performed using MICA III public database. The result showed that soil samples were grouped into two clusters based on their chemical properties. Both HhaI and HinfI digestions affected the number of culturable bacteria dominancy. HhaI was more suitable for revealing a possible culturable genera and species abundance. Dominant genera were detected in each cluster. Cluster-2, which consisted of peat soils, was dominated by Clostridium, Burkholderia, Catenibacterium and Pasteuria. As the diversity of microbes reveals soil fertility, the result showed that metagenomic approach could be used to predict soil fertility indicator, in order to improve agricultural practices for oil palm cultivation.
Fungi endofit hidup dan berkoloni dalam jaringan tanaman namun tanpa menunjukkan gejala perusakan pada tanaman inang. Sebagai mikroba pengkoloni internal, akan lebih memudahkan dalam bersaing dalam system vascular dengan patogen seperti Ganoderma boninense penyebab busuk pangkal batang tanaman kelapa sawit. Mikroba endofitik bekerja melawan patogen tanaman melalui mekanisme antibiosis, persaingan ruang dan nutrisi untuk pertumbuhannya, dan menginduksi ketahanan tanaman melalui metabolit yang dihasilkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi fungi dari akar tanaman kelapa sawit asal kebun endemik G.boninense di Sumatera Utara berdasarkan karakteristik morfologi dan histologi. Lima sampel diambil secara acak dari masing-masing lokasi. Sebanyak 75 isolat diisolasi dari akar tanaman kelapa sawit sehat yang tumbuh di kebun endemik. Identifikasi morfologis dan mikroskopis fungi endofit dilakukan dengan mengamati struktur reproduksi seksual maupun aseksual menggunakan kamera terhubung dengan mikroskop. Isolat diidentifikasi ke dalam 8 genera yaitu Trichoderma (20), Fusarium (10), Aspergillus (5), Penicillium (5), Gliocladium (4), Phoma (4), Alternaria (4), dan Curvularia (3). Isolat lainnya tidak teridentifikasi secara morfologis maupun histologis, karena tidak berspora.Kata kunci: area endemik, Elaeis guineensis, busuk pangkal, fungi endofit akar, tanaman kelapa sawit
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