During the past two decades, considerable attention has been paid to the relationship between migrant entrepreneurship and ethnic social capital. A central idea emerging from the ongoing research is that migrant businesses are created and managed within networks of ethnic interpersonal relations. This paper challenges the mainstream idea of 'ethnically over-socialized' migrant entrepreneurs, by embedding the concept of social capital in a framework based on economic incentives and bounded rationality. The analysis of 58 recent interviews with Turkish business owners presents, in contrast with the existing literature, a perspective in which migrant entrepreneurs are first and foremost economic actors, who predominantly understand their ethnic social capital as a strategic resource for action.Furthermore, in a context disentangled of ethnicity and social capital, this paper discusses the necessity of adopting a more differentiated view when comparing migrant to native business owners.

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Against the background of the current economic research which concentrates particularly on individual and structural factors, this paper examines if and to what extent social norms (in terms of attitudes towards gender roles and work commitment) can make a complementary statement in explaining women's employment status. The impact is presumed to be enhanced through norms shared by people belonging to the same households, peer groups, and by residents of the same region. The analysis relies on a rich German dataset and employs a zero inflated negative binomial model. The results highlight the importance of 'relevant others' in explaining women's employment status.JEL Classification: A13, C35, J16, J21

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Social interactions, Work norms, Social networks, Unemployment, Socioeconomics,