In this study, the seasonal flight activity of the Phlaeothripidae (Thysanoptera) species was studied by using suction trap, in South-East Hungary, in the years 2000 and 2004 from April to October. The flight period of two dominant species, namely Haplothrips angusticornis Priesner and Haplothrips aculeatus Fabricius (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae), was observed in high number in Europe. Also, it was the first record of mass flight observation of H. angusticornis. In addition, the effect of meteorological factors, such as temperature, sunshine duration, relative humidity, air pressure, and their influences, were evaluated.
1 The present study reports the first occurrence and flight period of three species, namely Scolothrips tenuipennis zur Strassen 1965, Frankliniella schultzei Trybom, 1910 and Zurstrassenia figuratus zur Strassen, 1968, in Hungary. A fourth, undescribed species belonging to the genus Caliothrips was also captured. 2 The distribution area of these species is North Africa and it is hypothesized that they are transported to Hungary via long-distance air currents. 3 Data for a suction trap are examined in South-East Hungary, in the 3-year period 2002-2004 from May to September. A three-dimensional back-trajectory analysis based on the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) transport and dispersion model was performed for the observation days to determine the origin and path of air masses and evaluate of the possibility of long-distance transport of thrips species. 4 Surprisingly, the analysis showed that only a few percent of the back trajectories originated or passed over North Africa. The results suggest that the captured thrips species could survive long-distance transport at low-level trajectories and establish new populations in Western Europe, the eastern part of Europe and Northern Central Europe, which together serve as source areas for the long-range transport of thrips to the target station.
Mycoceros antennatissimus gen. et sp. nov. is described and illustrated from pollen grains deposited on the bark of Elaeagnus angustifolia and Platanus × acerifolia in Hungary. This fungus is shown to capture pollen grains by its three-dimensional shape. It clearly shows seasonality and appears to be rare. The following factors determine its ecological niche: (1) the availability of fresh Pinaceae pollen grains deposited from the air on the bark of a nearby standing angiosperm tree with (2) water-retaining spongious bark, and (3) rainy weather. Conidia are mainly dispersed by stemflow rainwater, while they hardly become airborne. Direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from single conidia made it possible to perform molecular phylogenetic investigation in order to clarify its taxonomic relationship within the Ascomycota.
The aim of the paper is to modernise a farm building for rabbits and provide a possible solution for other farms. The model calculations are focused on the welfare viewpoint of rabbit breeding, i.e. first of all on ventilation, cooling and heating of the shed in order to approach the microclimate for meat rabbit production. The planned air handling unit can ensure the optimal temperature range (15-25°C) for rabbits all year round. In addition, thermal insulation and mechanical components of a rabbit house were planned and the possibility of reducing the energy demand of the building by more than 40% was analysed. The renewed rabbit farm is better suited to animal welfare requirements, as it can meet the environmental needs in production and reduces the building’s impact on the surrounding area.
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