BackgroundOn February 27, 2010 (F-27), an earthquake and tsunami occurred having a significant impact on the mental health of the Chilean population, leading to an increase in cases of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).ObjectivesWithin this context, validated for the first time in Chile was the Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS) using three samples (each one consisting of 200 participants), two of them random from the Chilean population.ResultsReliability analyses (i.e., α=0.933), concurrent validity (63% of the items are significantly correlated with the criteria variable “degree of damage to home”) and construct validity (i.e., CMIN = 3.754, RMSEA = 0.118, NFI = 0.808, CFI = 0.850 and PNFI = 0.689) indicate validity between regular and good for DTS. However, a new short version of the scale (DTS-SF) created using the items with heavier factor weights, presented better fits (CMIN = 2.170, RMSEA = 0.077, NFI = 0.935, CFI = 0.963, PNFI = 0.697).DiscussionFinally, the usefulness of DTS and DTS-SF is discussed, the latter being briefer, valid and having better psychometric characteristics.
The psychosocial impact concept improves the understanding of the effects of disasters on people and communities. However, its definition is not clear. This work explores consistencies between studies (k = 21) that refer to the psychosocial impact of disasters by way of a meta-analytic synthesis. This synthesis indicates that people are more prone to illness when they are exposed to a disaster, and less when they are protected (OR = 2.737). Please check the change conveys the intended meaning or amend Nevertheless, there are no differences in healthy responses, regardless of how protected or exposed they are (OR = 1.053). Finally, a model is proposed to explain four types of psychosocial impact: resilient, traumatic, sensitive, witness.
BackgroundTraditionally, technical proficiency for spinal anesthesia has been assessed using observational scales such as global rating scales or task specific checklists. However more objective metrics are required in order to improve novice’s training programs. The aim of this study is to validate the hand motion analysis of the Imperial College Surgical Assessment Device (ICSAD) in a simulated model of spinal anesthesia.MethodsThree groups of physicians with different levels of experience were video recorded performing a spinal anesthesia in a simulated lumbar puncture torso. Participants’ technical performance was assessed with ICSAD, a Global Rating Scale (GRS) and a specific Checklist. Differences between the 3 groups were determined by Kruskal-Wallis test with post hoc Dunn’s correction for multiple comparisons. Spearman correlation coefficient between ICSAD variables and the scores of the observational scales were calculated to establish concurrent validity.ResultsThirty subjects participated in the study: ten novice (first year residents), 10 intermediate (third year residents) and 10 experts (attending anesthesiologists). GRS scores were significantly higher in experts, than intermediates and novices. Regarding total path length, number of movements and procedural time measured with ICSAD, all groups had significant differences between them (p = 0.026, p = 0.045 and p = 0.005 respectively). Spearman correlation coefficient was −0,46 (p = 0.012) between total path length measured with ICSAD and GRS scores.ConclusionsThis is the first validation study of ICSAD as an assessment tool for spinal anesthesia in a simulated model. Using ICSAD can discriminate proficiency between expert and novices and correlates with previously validated GRS. Its use in the assessment of spinal anesthesia proficiency provides complementary data to existing tools. Our results could be used to design future training programs with reliable goals to accomplish.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12871-017-0422-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
RESUMENIntroducción: Se sabe que la prevalencia del estrés post-traumático (TEPT) es significativamente mayor después de terremotos y tsunamis como el del 27 de febrero de 2010 (27-F). Objetivos: (1) Determinar las proporciones de personas que podrían presentar TEPT y cada uno de sus tipos de síntomas, (2) relacionar las proporciones con grupos de variables que pueden favorecer su aparición, y (3) establecer un perfil de síntomas según cada grupo de variables. Método: Mediante las escalas Short Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Rating Interview (SPRINT-E) y la Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS), medimos la cantidad de síntomas intensos de TEPT en dos muestras: habitantes del litoral (n=194) y del interior (n=94) de la zona central de Chile. Resultados: La prevalencia del TEPT alcanza el 22%, siendo 19 puntos mayor en personas que habitan la zona costera (28%) y 11 puntos mayor entre quienes han sufrido graves daños en su vivienda. Discusión: Quienes sufren graves daños o viven en una ciudad costera impactada por terremoto y tsunami tienden a tener más síntomas de re-experimentación e híper-activación, se muestran más tristes, tienen menos cuidado por su salud, se sienten incómodos e interferidos en sus actividades cotidianas y se les hace difícil resolver problemas que antes solucionaban sin ayuda. PALABRAS CLAVE: Trastorno por Estrés Postraumático, Prevalencia, Terremotos, Tsunamis (fuente: MeSH, NLM). ABSTRACTIntroduction: Previous research indicates an increased prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after earthquakes and tsunamis as the February 27, 2010 (F-27). Objectives: (1) To determine the proportions of people who could present PTSD and each of its types of symptoms, (2) relate the proportions with groups of variables that may favor its appearance, and (3) establish a symptom profile as each group of variables. Method: Using the Short Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Rating Interview (SPRINT-E) and the Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS), we measured the PTSD intense symptoms in two samples: inhabitants of coast (n=194) and interior (n=94). Results: The PTSD prevalence was 22%, 19 points higher in people that live in coastal area (28%) and 11 points higher among people that suffered severe damage in their home. Discussion: Those who suffer serious house damages or live in a coastal town hit by earthquake and tsunami tend to have more symptoms of re-experiencing, hyper-activation, are sadder, have less care for their health, feel uncomfortable and interfered in their daily activities and they find difficult to solve problems that previously solved without help. KEY WORDS: Post-Traumatic Stress, Prevalence, Earthquakes, Tsunamis (source: MeSH, NLM). Terremotos y tsunamis son eventos de alto impacto psicológico y social para la población afectada. Su más importante consecuencia en la salud mental de la población es el aumento de los síntomas de estrés post-traumático (TEPT; Rodriguez, Zaccarelli, & Perez, 2006; Solvason, Ernst, & Roth, 2003). El TEPT se traduce en recuerdos y sueños estresantes, recurrentes e in...
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