Conservatism and rigidity in monetary policy. This paper aims at evaluating the conduction of monetary policy after the adoption of inflation targeting. Formation of Selic rate is modeled by estimating a reaction function of the BCB. Results show an excessive degree of interest rate smoothing and a high level of equilibrium interest rate. This evidence supports the belief that Selic rate's formation is ruled by a conservative behavior. The conservative conduction of monetary policy is related to two distinct features of BCB's reaction function: i) the great weight of autoregressive components; and, chiefly, ii) a very high level of the equilibrium interest rate. The main conclusion is that, all remaining unchanged, the interest rate would hardly be reduced in a satisfactory way. Massive and chronic deflation would be needed if Selic were to reach a reasonable level, closer to that of rates in the rest of the world. This evidences the need for a debate on the adequacy of current stabilization strategy.
Resumo O presente artigo analisou o repasse cambial para os preços ao consumidor (IPCA) no Brasil, no período entre 1999 e 2013, verificando através de diversas especificações econométricas a existência de assimetrias no repasse. Utilizando uma decomposição da variável câmbio, entre depreciações e apreciações, o artigo estima uma sequência de modelos SVAR com diferentes restrições de identificação. Os resultados, robustos para uma gama de especificações, indicam forte assimetria no repasse cambial. A média simples das diversas estimações indica um repasse de 11.38% no caso de depreciação e de 2.84% no caso de apreciação da moeda brasileira em relação ao dólar americano.
Fifteen years of monetary rigidity in Brazil after the Real Plan: a research agenda.The paper makes a review of literature and a research agenda on the anomaly of Brazilian monetary policy. Following a retrospect of the first 15 years after the Real Plan, there is a review of studies aiming to explain the high real interest rate. None of the summarized theses can completely explain the phenomenon. The main research opportunities are: deepening of empirical evidence of monetary policy efficacy loss; improvement in mensuration of its inefficacy; and improvement of alternative instruments to control inflation. The field of political economy is also fertile. One should assess the relevance of oligopolies as an explaining factor of persistence of high inflation.
RESUMO Este texto discute os dados e os principais fatos estilizados da dinâmica da formação bruta de capital fixo (FBCF) no brasil após 1995. apresenta, ademais, especificações econométricas para a dinâmica trimestral da FBCF no período 1996-2012 que levantam hipóteses causais ainda relativamente inexploradas na literatura. os dados apresentados evidenciam as dinâmicas distintas da FBCF em máquinas e equipamentos e construções - e, consequentemente, o papel fundamental da primeira variável na dinâmica da FBCF total da economia. as estimativas apresentadas sugerem choques cambiais, nos preços internacionais de commodities e na FBCF pública como mecanismos causais da dinâmica trimestral da FBCF brasileira.
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