When the term death was substituted with brain death, the willingness to donate decreased by 20%, suggesting that some individuals do not understand or accept the term brain death. Increasing comprehension about the concept of brain death and adopting educational strategies are essential to obtain higher rates of organ donation in developing countries.
The objective of this work was to produce composite foams trays based on cassava starch and reinforced with bacterial cellulose using a baking process. Bacterial cellulose (native and modified by a mercerization process) was incorporated into starch composite foams by two methods: direct incorporation of bacterial cellulose powder into the starch matrix during baking process (method 1) or coating the trays surface with bacterial cellulose films (method 2) after they were produced. All formulations resulted in well-shaped trays, and the addition of bacterial cellulose by method 1 improved the foaming ability of starch producing more expanded and thicker trays. The water absorption capacity was reduced by the incorporation of bacterial cellulose, independently of the method of incorporation. The elongation was improved in trays produced by method 2. These results demonstrate that the incorporation of native or modified cellulose was able to improve some properties of cassava starch trays. V C 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J.Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3043-3049, 2013
The synthesis of solution crystallization
processes is a complex
task that often leads to multiple process options. In order ensure
design reproducibility and reliability, a hierarchical design procedure
has been proposed. The procedure has compared favorably to the currently
accepted procedure because the number of design decisions is more
evenly distributed throughout the design levels. The procedure is
based on the work of Bermingham (A design procedure
and predictive models for solution crystallization processes. Ph.D.
thesis, Delft University of Technology, 2003), but recourse
to sophisticated phenomenological models is avoided. Instead, experimental
information, heuristics and qualitative theoretical considerations
are used to cope with systems for which fragmentary information is
available, since such is the situation most commonly found in industrial
practice. Its applicability has been demonstrated in the design of
a sodium chloride crystallization process on a 1 m3 scale.
Analysis of the pilot unit operation has led to the identification
of improved design criteria related to process control, temperature
elevation in the recirculation loop, and crystals washing.
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