Bystrom A, Claesson R, Sundqvist G. The antibacterial effect of camphorated paramonochiorophenol, eamphorated phenol and ealcium hydroxide in the treatment of infected root canals. Endod Dent Traumatol 1985; 1: 170-175.Abstract -The baeterieidal efficacy of calcium hydroxide, camphorated phenol and eamphorated paramonoehlorophenol as intracanal dressings was evaluated elinically when the root eanals of 65 single-rooted teeth with periapieal lesions were treated. A baeteriologieal teehnique that eould deteet even small numbers of anaerobie baeteria in the canals was used. After treatment, including intracanal dressing with ealcium hydroxide paste (Calasept*'), baeteria were reeovered from one of 35 treated root eanals. After use of camphorated phenol or eamphorated paratuonochloroplienol as the dressing, baeteria were reeovered from 10 of 30 treated root canals. The isolated bacteria were predominantly Gram-positive and anaerobic. There was no indication that specific bacteria were resistant to the treatment. The results indicate that the endodontie treatment of infected root eanals ean be completed in two appointments when calcium hydroxide paste is used as an intraeanal dressing.
– The presence of bacteria in 15 single‐rooted teeth, with periapical lesions, was studied throughout a whole period of treatment. The root canals were irrigated with physiologic saline solution during instrumentation. No antibacterial solutions or dressigs were used. Bacteria were found in all irnitial specimens form the teeth (median numver of bacterial cell 4x105; range 102‐107) and the number of strains in the specimens ranged from 1 to 10.88% of the strains were anaerobic. The most commonly isolated species were: Peptostreptococcus micros, Peptostrcptococcus anacrobius, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Bacteroides oralis, Bacteroides melaninogenicus subsp. intermedius and Eubacterium alactolyticum. Mechanical instrumentation reduced the number of bacteria considerably. Specimens taken at the beginning of each appointment usually contained 104‐106 bacterial cells and at the end 102‐103fewer. Bacteria were eliminated from the root canals of eight teeth during the treatment. In seven root canals bacteria presisted despite treatment on five successive occasions. There was no evidence that specific microorganisms were implicated in these persistent infections. Teeth where the infection persisted despite being treated five times were those with a hig number of bacteria in the initial sample.
Elongator has been reported to be a histone acetyltransferase complex involved in elongation of RNA polymerase II transcription. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mutations in any of the six Elongator protein subunit (ELP1-ELP6) genes or the three killer toxin insensitivity (KTI11-KTI13) genes cause similar pleiotropic phenotypes. By analyzing modified nucleosides in individual tRNA species, we show that the ELP1-ELP6 and KTI11-KTI13 genes are all required for an early step in synthesis of 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl (mcm 5 ) and 5-carbamoylmethyl (ncm 5 ) groups present on uridines at the wobble position in tRNA. Transfer RNA immunoprecipitation experiments showed that the Elp1 and Elp3 proteins specifically coprecipitate a tRNA susceptible to formation of an mcm 5 side chain, indicating a direct role of Elongator in tRNA modification. The presence of mcm 5 U, ncm 5 U, or derivatives thereof at the wobble position is required for accurate and efficient translation, suggesting that the phenotypes of elp1-elp6 and kti11-kti13 mutants could be caused by a translational defect. Accordingly, a deletion of any ELP1-ELP6 or KTI11-KTI13 gene prevents an ochre suppressor tRNA that normally contains mcm 5 U from reading ochre stop codons.
Summary. In this study the antibacterial effect of irrigating infected root canals with 0.5 and 5 per cent sodium hypochlorite solutions was evaluated clinically. The results indicated that there was no difference between the antibacterial effect of these two solutions. The combined use of EDTA and S per cent sodium hypochlorite solution was more efficient than the use of sodium hypochlorite solutions alone.
An important observation was that bacteria surviving instrumentation and irrigation rapidly increased in number in the period between appointments when no intracanal medicament was used.
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