Water losses on the potable water distribution networks represent an important issue; on the one hand, water loss does not bring money and on the other hand, they modify water flow and pressure distribution on the entire system and this can lead to a cut-off of the water supply. A stringent monitoring of the water distribution network reduces considerably the water losses. The appearance of a leakage inside the distribution network is inevitable in time. But very important is its location and repair time – that are recommended to be as short as possible. The present paper analyses the hydraulic parameters of the water flow inside a supply pipe of a looped network that provides potable water for an entire neighbourhood. The main goals are to optimize these parameters, to reduce water losses by rigorous monitoring and control of the service pressure on the supply pipe and to create a balance between pressure and water flow. The presented method is valid for any type of distribution network, but the obtained values refer strictly to the analysed potable water distribution looped network.
Real water losses derived from water supply systems represent an important topic, nowadays. It is difficult to predict and to calculate the water lost volume, these values being crucial in any water balance. In addition, the leakage flow can be estimated only when the geometric and hydraulic characteristics of the pipes and the period of time associated to the leakage are known. Also, by using the equation of the water flow can be obtained inaccurate values, especially when incorrect values of discharge coefficient are used. The values of the discharge coefficient can vary between 0.6 and 0.85, depending on a multiple aspects, such as the pipe diameter, the orifice size and shape, the pipe material, the orifice position on the pipe wall, the pipe thickness and the hydraulic parameters of the water (flow and pressure). This paper is focused of an experimental study of a leak simulation in a PVC pipe. Thereby, a circular orifice is drilled on PVC pipe wall and the influence of the water flow and pressure on the discharge coefficient (Cd) is analysed. The experimental values obtained for de Cd are 0.59 - 0.86, values that are in accordance with the results from similar studies.
The recommended calculation relations for flow and velocity determination in water supply and sewage systems are different and include parameters taken from tables or catalogs. The results obtained should be the same, regardless of the relations are follow, but applying the two relations for the same network resulted in different values of flows and velocitys. From the analysis of the relations obtained differences are derived from the values adopted from tables, for both the roughness coefficient n and the absolute roughness k. From the analysis effected, values obtine is a justification of the recommendations of the specialists.
The water loss is a phenomenon which attends the water supply system on its operating lifetime and it represents the difference between the water volume measured at the input of a water distribution network and the water volume billed to the end-users. The water loss reduction is an important topic for the water supplying companies and the knowledge of the real water volumes lost from a supply system is an essential element in water balance. The water losses may be classified in “real losses” and “apparent losses”: the apparent losses cannot be quantified, but the real losses can be estimated by calculus. The complexity of this phenomenon lies in the fact that this water losses can’t be calculated with a single equation, generally valid for each real situation. The equations mentioned in the technical literature can be applied to a specific situation. This paper presents an experimental study of the variation of the hydraulic parameters in a PVC water flow pipe in two cases: 1. normal operation and 2. leak simulation, when a circular hole is drilled into a PVC pipe. Furthermore, the results of this study are discussed and analysed in order to calculate the value of the leakage exponent N
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