The present paper studies biodiesel samples preparation by transesterification and compares their physical and chemical properties (biofuels prepared from different raw materials - vegetable oils: sunflower oil, crocus oil and soya bean oil) and the biodegradability degree, as well as the possibilities of the integration of such production unit in industrial diagram of auto fuels production.
The synthesis and characterization of MCM-41 supported Co-Mo catalysts and catalytic hydrogenation of 1-octene to n-octane were discussed. BET specific surface area of MCM-41, calculated from N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm, was 1690 m2/g. The XRD patterns of the Co-Mo/MCM-41 catalysts show that metal species are finely dispersed and the size of CoO and MoO3 particles is below the detection limit by XRD. The 1-octene hydrogenation activity of the catalysts decreased with increasing the Co content up to 9 wt.% for the Co-promoted Co-Mo/MCM-41 catalysts with a MoO3 content of 12 wt.%. All the catalysts show increased hydrogenation activity with increasing reaction temperature in the temperature range from 200 to 350°C.
The mechanism and kinetics of gas phase synthesis of ethyl-tert-butyl ether (ETBE) in the reaction between tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) and ethanol (EtOH) were investigated performing the reaction in a continuous flow quartz reactor at different temperatures and atmospheric pressure, using a heteropoliacid catalyst with 30wt% loading, dispersed on MCM-41. The Eley-Rideal reaction mechanism was previously proposed based on experimental observations that showed the rate of ETBE increased when partial pressure of tert-butyl alcohol increased, and the partial pressure of ethanol decreased, without significant effects on product selectivity. The kinetic model based on the Eley-Rideal mechanism was proposed and successfully employed to model accurately the experimental data at three different temperatures. The apparent activation energy and the frequency factor of the etherification reaction were 39.42 kJ/mol and 1.69 x 108 mol/kg . h . bar, respectively.
The gas-phase etherification reaction of ethanol with tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) was investigated for the production of an oxygenated fuel additive. The reaction was carried out in a continuous flow reactor, in the presence of 12-tungstophosphoric acid (HPW) dispersed on MCM-41 as catalyst. We have studied the influence of temperature, ethanol:TBA mole ratio, and weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) on the TBA conversion and ETBE selectivity. The optimum operating conditions were found at 110oC temperature, 8:1 ethanol:TBA mole ratio in the feed, and 30% HPW loading on the catalyst. The highest ETBE yield values were obtained at 110 �C and WHSV of 46 h-1 and 42 h-1. The HPW/MCM-41 catalyst showed good activity and on-stream stability for the gas-phase synthesis of ETBE at 110oC, thus it is a promising catalyst for etherification reactions and, potentially, for other gas phase acid-catalyzed reactions.
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