Introduction. To represent our national goods at the Western market it is necessary to ensure, first of all, the competitiveness of local products through complex mechanization of technological processes, labour costs reduction, increasing yields and quality of received products. The aim of the research is to provide the comparative analysis of technology and machines for potato harvesting, to determine the main factors that influence the agricultural technical indicators of harvesting equipment, to develop technological process patterns and to examine the strategies for improving the potato root-and-harvest machines. Methods and methodology. The research was carried out on the basis of technological and constructional analysis of technology and machines for potato harvesting. The methods of comparison and mathematical modelling of technological processes were used in the study. The research studies of Ukrainian and foreign scientists on technology and machines for potato harvesting were used as information base of our paper. Results. A comparative analysis of technology and machines for potato harvesting made it possible to determine the main factors that influence the agricultural performance of harvesting machinery and to develop the technological process for a digger, a double-loader digger and a harvester (harvesting machines). A theoretical model of the technological processes of harvesting machines includes both uncontrolled and controlled factors that influence the choice of a potato harvesting technology of a digger, a double-loader digger and a harvester. Nevertheless, the first factors are connected, primarily, with the conditions of potato growth and its biological properties, and the second factors deal with the organizational and technical measures, including the improvement of the working bodies of machines (cutting, dirt digging through, top separation, longitudinal hump with cut roller and other constructive and kinematic parameters), quality of received products, length and terms of potato storage, available farming human resources, free vehicle in the period of harvesting, farm potato storage, farm equipment for potato cleaning and sorting.
The regularities of dependence of conditions of growth, development and formation of productivity of a miscanthus giant and increase of productivity at the expense of influence of agrotechnical factors are established in the work: terms of planting and depth of wrapping in the conditions of the western forest-steppe in Podillya. The results of the research are obtained on the peculiarities of the formation of biometric indicators of giant miscanthus depending on the application of a set of technology elements - planting dates, depth of rhizome wrapping. It was found that the increase in land mass of plants in the formation of yield 55.7 t·ha-1 was obtained by planting in the first period (I-II decade of April) to a depth of rhizome wrapping 9 cm. Intensity of land mass increase affected the yield of solid biofuels. During the first planting period with a rhizome wrapping depth of 9 cm, the maximum calculated energy yield of 206.09 GJ·ha-1 was obtained. It is established that the highest yield of bioenergy productivity of perennial miscanthus of the giant variety Autumn Starflower was obtained taking into account soil and climatic factors in the first planting period at rhizome depths of 9 cm, which allows efficient use of soil moisture and temperature during planting.
Develop a mathematical model and calculated analytical dependences to determine the trajectories and parameters of grain movement on the surface of the vibrating feeder under the conditions of its introduction into the aspiration channel of the separator. They are based on the methods of mathematical modeling and theoretical mechanics with the application of the equations of motion of a material point under the variable action of vibrations. Theoretical research was conducted using mathematical analysis and modeling theory. The research results are processed using elements of probability theory and mathematical statistics using application packages. A mathematical description of the movement of grains of grain material components (GMC) on the surface of the vibrating feeder under the conditions of its introduction into the aspiration channel of the separator under the conditions of vibration on the GMC. The trajectories of grains on the surface of the vibrating feeder with different size are obtained. The obtained equation of motion of the particle under the action of vibrations allows to determine the dependence of the velocity of the material in the vibrated fluidized bed on a number of factors: geometrical parameters of the vibrating feeder, feed angle, initial kinematic mode of grain material, kinematic mode of the vibrating feeder and friction coefficient. The process of grain material movement on the flat surface of the vibrating feeder is described, which allows to determine the rational parameters of material introduction into the aspiration channel of the separator for its further fractionation. The dependence for the function of the grain flow rate on the flat surface of the vibrating feeder is obtained, which allows to determine the parameters of the grain material distribution by the cross-sectional area of the aspiration channel of the separator. The velocity of grain material on the flat surface of the vibrating feeder is estimated on the basis of a mathematical model constructed by hydrodynamic analogy, which in turn determines the analysis of grain recombination by the thickness of the vibrated liquid layer of grain material.
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