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Brain tumor occurs owing to uncontrolled and rapid growth of cells. If not treated at an initial phase, it may lead to death. Despite many significant efforts and promising outcomes in this domain, accurate segmentation and classification remain a challenging task. A major challenge for brain tumor detection arises from the variations in tumor location, shape, and size. The objective of this survey is to deliver a comprehensive literature on brain tumor detection through magnetic resonance imaging to help the researchers. This survey covered the anatomy of brain tumors, publicly available datasets, enhancement techniques, segmentation, feature extraction, classification, and deep learning, transfer learning and quantum machine learning for brain tumors analysis. Finally, this survey provides all important literature for the detection of brain tumors with their advantages, limitations, developments, and future trends.

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The early and accurate prediction of liver disease in patients is still a challenging task among medical practitioners even with latest advanced technologies. The support vector machines are widely used in medical domain. It has proved its efficiency on producing good diagnostic parameters. These results can be further improved by optimizing the hyperparameters of support vector machines. The proposed work is based on optimizing support vector machines with crow search algorithm. This optimized support vector machine classifier (CSA-SVM) is used for accurate diagnosis of Indian liver disease data. The various similar state of art algorithms are taken for comparison with proposed approach to prove its efficient. The performance of CSA-SVM is found to be outstanding among all other approaches in terms of all metrics taken for comparison. It has yielded the classification accuracy of 99.49%.