A avicultura é um setor de grande importância na economia brasileira tanto pelo aumento do consumo interno quanto pelo crescimento na exportação de carne de frango. A modernização da atividade avícola permitiu a criação adensada de animais, facilitando, no entanto, a rápida disseminação de patógenos que reduzem os índices de produtividade dos plantéis. Nesta revisão, é destacado o reovírus aviário, importante agente de artrite em aves que apresenta distribuição mundial. As aves acometidas apresentam redução no ganho de peso devido à dificuldade de locomoção. Além da artrite, o vírus pode estar relacionado a uma variedade de condições patológicas, como distúrbios entéricos e respiratórios, hepatite e miocardite. A principal forma de prevenção e controle é a vacinação do plantel. No entanto, devido à grande variabilidade genética do reovírus aviário, a vacina utilizada pode não ser eficiente contra estirpes que circulam no campo. O artigo traz uma visão geral sobre a biologia do vírus, sua variabilidade e propostas de classificação dos isolados, patologia da doença e diagnóstico da infecção.
Background Infectious bursal disease (IBD), also known as Gumboro disease, is a viral infection that causes mortality and immunosuppression in chickens (Gallus gallus). VP2 and VP3 are the major structural viral capsid components and are the most immunogenic proteins of IBD virus (IBDV). Reliable diagnostic tests using VP2 and VP3 produced in heterologous systems are important tools to control this infection. One advantage of an IBD diagnostic based on VP3, over those that use VP2, is that VP3 has linear epitopes, enabling its production in bacteria. Results We tested the suitability of recombinant VP3 (rVP3) as a diagnostic reagent in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Compared with a commercial test, rVP3 ELISA showed high sensitivity and specificity as a diagnostic tool for vaccinated animals. In addition, rVP3, but not the commercial ELISA, was able to detect antibodies in nonvaccinated chickens, probably developed against circulating IBDV strains. It was possible the assessment of VP3 regions antigenicity using chicken antisera. Conclusions The full-length recombinant VP3 can be used to assess post vaccination immunological status of chickens and its production is feasible and inexpensive. The evaluation of VP3 regions as candidates for general use in the diagnosis of IBD in chickens should be conducted with caution. Our work was the first to identify several regions of VP3 recognized by chicken antibodies.
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