SummaryBackground. The increasing use of long-lasting nail aesthetic products has led to a growing number of cases of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) caused by (meth)acrylates in recent years. Objectives. To provide information on ACD caused by (meth)acrylates related to nail cosmetic products. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed files of patients with ACD caused by (meth)acrylates related to nail cosmetic products, who were patch tested between January 2011 and December 2015 in 13 departments of dermatology in Portugal. Results. Two-hundred and thirty cases of ACD caused by (meth)acrylates (55 technicians, 56 consumers, and 119 with mixed exposure) had been documented, mostly as chronic hand eczema (93%). The most common sensitizers were: 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), which was positive in 90% of the tested patients, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA), which was positive in 64.1%, and ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, which was positive in 54.5%. Conclusion. HEMA and HPMA were the most frequent positive allergens. HEMA, which identified 90% of cases, can be considered to be a good screening allergen. The high number of cases of ACD caused by (meth)acrylates in nail cosmetic products certainly warrants better preventive measures at the occupational level, and specific regulation in the field of consumer safety.
A incidência e mortalidade por COVID-19 em países com fortes desigualdades sociais se diferenciam em termos populacionais. Em países com histórico e tradição colonial como o Brasil, os marcadores sociais das diferenças têm profunda ancoragem na demarcação racial, sobre a qual agem as dinâmicas e os processos político-sociais fundados no racismo estrutural. Contrapõe-se a narrativas que propõem uma leitura sobre ser esta uma pandemia democrática, cujo argumento se alinha à retórica da democracia racial que corresponde a uma potente estratégia de manutenção do lugar de populações racializadas, como indígenas e negros, uma produção da colonialidade moderna. Este ensaio debruça sobre o comportamento da pandemia em relação à população negra no Brasil, em diálogo com aportes decoloniais e de leituras críticas sobre o racismo. Discutem-se respostas governamentais e indicadores da doença, segundo o quesito raça/cor, demonstrando a manutenção de tramas e enredos históricos que seguem vulnerabilizando e inviabilizando vidas negras. Aponta-se também para a importância de movimentos de resistência locais, operados a partir do lugar que esses sujeitos ocupam, os espaços urbanos precarizados por ação/omissão do Estado - as favelas.
Introduction: There is a paucity of information regarding chronic urticaria patients’ care in a real-world setting. The objective of this study was to report and evaluate the baseline characteristics of Portuguese chronic urticaria patients refractory to H1-antihistamines included in the AWARE study. Material and Methods: This is a non-interventional cohort study. Adult patients with a diagnosis of chronic urticaria with symptoms for at least two months, refractory to H1-antihistamines, consulting one of the 10 participating urticaria centers throughout Portugal have been included in the study. Baseline sociodemographic data, medical history, clinical parameters, medication, weekly urticaria activity score, and dermatology quality of life index have been collected. Results: Seventy six patients were included, of which 76.3% were women. The majority of patients had a diagnosis of chronic spontaneous urticaria (88.2%) and 39.5% had angioedema. Around 91.0% of patients were medicated with non-sedative H1-antihistamines and 35.4% with a third line therapy. Median dermatology quality of life index was 5.0 and median weekly urticaria activity score was 13.0. Discussion: The baseline results suggest that patients with chronic urticaria refractory to H1-antihistamines are being under-treated in the real-world setting. Conclusion: The AWARE study demonstrates the real impact of chronic urticaria on Portuguese patients refractory to H1-antihistamines treatment, and 30% report a very large or extremely large deleterious effect on their quality of life. The follow-up of these patients will allow evaluating strategies aimed at optimizing disease control.
Highlights
In one day, 4% (6 in 150) of hospital visitors had asymptomatic COVID-19.
Potential of visitors’ viral shedding in healthcare facilities is underestimated.
SARS-CoV-2 introduction into facilities is not fully blocked by universal masking.
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