No abstract

No Brasil, a entidade responsável por promover estudos, pesquisas e avaliações sobre o sistema educacional é o Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (Inep); com o intuito de analisar a Educação Básica, dentre outras avaliações, o Inep aplica o Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (Enem); para avaliar a qualidade da educação superior, o Exame Nacional de Desempenho de Estudantes (Enade). A partir das análises dos dados produzidos pela aplicação desses exames, é possível observar o desempenho tanto do estudante quanto das instituições e, assim, calcular indicadores de qualidade que, dentro de um contexto, oportunizarão decisões de melhorias do processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Este trabalho apresenta uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura (RSL), com o intuito de identificar os objetivos e tipos de análises que têm sido feitos usando os dados dos exames. A revisão mostrou que essas análises são limitadas, geralmente usando estatística descritiva, e focam, principalmente, em dados socioeconômicos e notas dos exames.

Introductory programming courses entail students' high failure and dropout rates. In an effort to tackle this problem, we carried out a qualitative study aiming to shed some light on the programming phase that is most challenging for students, in order to elicit the specific difficulties they experience while learning to program. In doing so, distinctive cognitive abilities, differentiating subjects in terms of the way they handle programming tasks, were detected. Such aptitudes are represented in three groups of students: those who learn easily, those who never seem to fully grasp what programming requires despite true effort, and those who experience a sudden insight, making them leap from a point were they had difficulties to another where they overcome them. By interviewing teachers and students, abstraction and sequencing elaboration were found to be the two core skills for programming. These results impelled us to consider the mental models' approach, concluding that there are very specific cognitive functions that are more favorable to learn programming and that are fostered by more adequate schemas of representing reality. Some conclusions involving Problem-based learning as a fit teaching methodology to overcome students' difficulties are also presented.

No abstract

Online judges, initially used in programming marathons, have also been adopted to teach Introductory Programming (CS1), presenting some advantages, as reducing teacher workload and instant feedback to students, and disadvantages by of not being fully adapted as a tool for teaching. This paper presents a Systematic Review of Literature (SRL) about online judges for teaching CS1, which focused on aspects: benefits, problems; functional requirements and nonfunctional requirements. The result contributed to an online judge specification that meets the CS1 discipline. Also a practical experience was realized with the use of online judge BOCA (developed for programming marathons) in the teaching of CS1's classes. The lessons learned from practical experience and the knowledge gained at SRL contributed to a judge online proposal for teaching CS1, focusing primarily on three requirements considered essential: building exercise lists, personalized feedback, and plagiarism. Thus, this research contributes to the teaching of introductory programming by presenting an approach based on results found in the literature, through articles presenting different online judges for teaching, and practical experiences with real classes.