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RESUMO -São apresentados neste trabalho, os padrões de distribuição geográfica dos gêneros de Eriocaulaceae, com ênfase nos gêneros americanos. A divisão genérica da família especialmente na região neotropical ainda não é definitiva, porém existem alguns padrões de distribuição que podem ser detectados. Os nove gêneros americanos, incluem-se em quatro padrões gerais de distribuição: amplamente distribuídos nos trópicos; amplamente distribuído na Ãfrica e Amé-rica do Sul; limitado a América do Norte; limitado a América do Sul.Palavras-chave: Eriocaulaceae, distribuição geográfica, taxonomia.ABSTRACf -A review of the distribution patterns of the genera of Eriocaulaceae are presented. The present state of the systematics of the family in the Neotropics does not alIow for conclusive interpretations on the geographical distribution, but the nine American genera falI in to four broad distributional categories: widely distributed throughout the tropics; widely distributed in Africa and Neotropics; limited to North America and limited to South America. These distributions are discussed and interpreted.

RESUMO -Neste trabalho foram estudadas as sempre-vivas como sendo um produto natural de importincia para deco~iio de interiores. Como sempre-vivas siio considerados escapos e inflorescancias que conservam a apareocia de estruturas vivas, mesmo depois de destacados das plantas. 0 presente trabalho objetivou estudar as atividades econ6micas relacionadas com esse grupo de plantas, mostrando sua importincia como geradora de renda e de emprego, nos arredores de Diamantina (Minas Gerais) e de divisas para 0 Pars, pois a maior parte da produ~iio 6 exportada para os Estados Unidos e Europa. Atrav6s do levantamento de quantidades comercializadas, pr~os pagos aos coletores e p~os de atacado das principais esp6cies comercializadas na regilio (18 de Enocaulaceae, 10 de Gramineae, 3 de Xyridaceae e 2 de Cyperaceae), calculou-se 0 valor da produ~lio e da comercializa~iio, tendo-se id6ia da gera~iio de renda e volume comercializado. Procurou-se mostrar tamMm, atrav6s da expo~lio, a impon.ancia na ger~iio de di visas. Infere-se, da amilise dos dados, um decr6seimo na exporta~iio, que pode estar relacionado A queda da produ~iio devido a fatores como sobresfo~o na coleta, dificultando a recupera~lio das popula~6es, ou concorrl!ncia de outros parses no mercado. Sugere-se pois incremento das pesquisas no sentido de tornar vi<\vel a cultura sistemMica de esp6cies cultiv<\veis, como fator econ6mico importante para as regi6es de campos rupestres.ABSTRACT -The present work is a study of "everlasting flowers" as a natural product of importance for interior decoration. The term "everlasting flowers" is used for scapes and inflorescences which, even after being detached from the plant, still maintain the appearance of living structures. The economic activities related to this group of plants are considered; their imi><>rtance is demonstrated, as a source of income and employment in the region of Diamantina (State of Minas Gerais, Brazil), and also as a source of revenue for the country: production is largely exported to Europe and the U.S.A. A survey was made of the quantity of such flowers marketed, of prices paid to collectors, and of the wholesale prices of the species most extensively commercialized in the region (18 Eriocaulaceae, 10 Gramineae, 3 Xyridaceae and 2 Cyperaceae); from these figures were calculated the values involved in production and CQIDmercialization, thus providing some idea of the income created and the quantity of plants concerned. The impqrtance of exportation of everlasting flowers as a source of revenue was also considered. Analysis Of data permits inference of a decline in export; this may be due to a fall in production as a result of over-collection and subsequent difficulty in recuperation of populations, or of market competition from other countries. It is suggested that research should be increased with a view to inaking viable the systematic cultivation of those species which can be cultivated, as an important contribution to the economy of regions of campo rupestre.

Resumo Nas cangas da Floresta Nacional (FLONA) de Carajás e no Parque Nacional dos Campos Ferruginosos (PNCF) foram registradas 856 espécies, distribuídas em 116 famílias de fanerógamas. As famílias mais ricas foram Poaceae (86), Fabaceae (65) e Rubiaceae (46). O hábito herbáceo foi o melhor representado. Dois gêneros, 24 espécies e uma subespécie são apontadas como endêmicas das cangas da área de estudos. Na FLONA de Carajás, a Serra Norte, com maior amostragem, possui 659 espécies de fanerógamas e na Serra Sul foram registradas 545 espécies. Aproximadamente 60% das espécies documentadas na área de estudos, incluindo espécies endêmicas, não possuem registro para o PNCF. Através da lista taxonômica aqui apresentada, foi possível demonstrar considerável distinção entre as cangas da Serra dos Carajás e as do Quadrilátero Ferrífero, em Minas Gerais, apontando também pouca correspondência dessas duas listas com a canga de Corumbá, no Mato Grosso do Sul. A riqueza e singularidade da flora da região, que inclui diversas espécies endêmicas, associada à ameaça a que estão submetidos estes ambientes por atividades de mineração, apontam para a necessidade de um planejamento para conservação das espécies da flora das cangas de Carajás.

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The genus Rondonanthus Herzog has until now contained only the species R. roraimae and R. micropetalus and has been defined by free petals in both sexes of flowers and the dioecious condition. It is here redefined according to a large suite of characters, especially the presence of long filamentous staminodes in the pistillate flowers, and b the adnation of the filament base to the corolla in the staminate flowers. Five additional species, including the monotypi genus Wurdackia, are transferred to Rondonanthus, and /f . micropetalus is removed to Paepalanthus. It is proposed that Rondonanthus is a highly primitive paepalanthoid genus, to be taken as a primitive outgroup of SyngonanlhusThe Eriocaulaceae are a pantropical monocot paepalanthoid genera. These are Rondonanthu family of about 13 genera and 1,200 species (Krai, Herzog (1931), Comanthera Lyman B. Smith 1989. Except in rare cases, the flowers are uni- (1937), Carptotepala Mold. (1951, and Wur sexual and the plants monoecious, with the flowers dackia Mold. (1957). borne in scapose heads.Following the lead of Ruhland (1903), all o Ruhland (1903) divided the family into two sub-these genera were described with reference to only families, the Eriocauloideae, characterized by two a few floral characters. None contain more than whorls of stamens and a simple gynoecium, and two species, and none were discussed by their au the Paepalanthoideae, with a single whorl of sta-thors as to their relationships with other genera o mens and vascularized secretory "appendages" in-implications for phylogeny. Recently, the avail serted on the style alternate with the nonvascu-ability of abundant collections from the Venezuelan larized functional style branches. The Eriocauloideae tepuis and their study for Julian Steyermark's Flo are truly pantropical and contain many aquatic r a of the Venezuelan Guay ana {R^n^yoXA, in ^re^. species, while the Paepalanthoideae are almost en-have acutely emphasized the need for study and tirely limited to the New World (with some African reevaluation of these endemic genera. disjuncts), and more xerophytic.In another work (Giulietti & Hensold, 1991) The Paepalanthoideae, which contain 11 of the we discuss the systematic position of Comanthera 13 genera, have two centers of diversity, one in and Carptotepala, concluding that they are syn the Central Brazilian Plateau, especially the Cadeia onyms of Syngonanthus Ruhl. In this work, we do Espinha^o in Minas Gerais and Bahia, and one find the genus Rondonanthus to be valid, though in the Guayana Highland, especially Venezuela. in need of redefinition, and include within it five Botanical exploration of Guayana, in particular the additional endemic Guayanan species currently tepui summits of Venezuela, has only been under-placed in three other genera, including the mono taken recently relative to that of the more acces-typic genus Wurdackia, sible mountains of central Brazil, and has turned Rondonanthus as here recognized is a genus o up many taxa of interest, including four endemic great interes...

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