Plastic production has been increasing at enormous rates. Particularly, the socioenvironmental problems resulting from the linear economy model have been widely discussed, especially regarding plastic pieces intended for single use and disposed improperly in the environment. Nonetheless, greenhouse gas emissions caused by inappropriate disposal or recycling and by the many production stages have not been discussed thoroughly. Regarding the manufacturing processes, carbon dioxide is produced mainly through heating of process streams and intrinsic chemical transformations, explaining why first-generation petrochemical industries are among the top five most greenhouse gas (GHG)-polluting businesses. Consequently, the plastics market must pursue full integration with the circular economy approach, promoting the simultaneous recycling of plastic wastes and sequestration and reuse of CO2 through carbon capture and utilization (CCU) strategies, which can be employed for the manufacture of olefins (among other process streams) and reduction of fossil-fuel demands and environmental impacts. Considering the previous remarks, the present manuscript’s purpose is to provide a review regarding CO2 emissions, capture, and utilization in the plastics industry. A detailed bibliometric review of both the scientific and the patent literature available is presented, including the description of key players and critical discussions and suggestions about the main technologies. As shown throughout the text, the number of documents has grown steadily, illustrating the increasing importance of CCU strategies in the field of plastics manufacture.
In this study, we synthesized a new class of copolymeric lattices based on vinyl pivalate (VPi) and modified oleic acid (OA) through a batch emulsion polymerization process. The effects of the chemically modified OA [methacrylated methyl oleate (MAMO)] on the thermal stability, glass‐transition temperature (Tg), average molar masses [mass‐average molar mass (Mw) and number‐average molar mass (Mn)], and molar mass dispersity (Ð) of the copolymers were evaluated. The experimental results indicate that via the introduction of MAMO into the polymer chains resulted in significant reductions in Tg, Mw, Mn, and Ð; this demonstrated a decrease of Tg at approximately 40 °C when the MAMO molar fraction equaled 9% compared to the value observed for the pure poly(vinyl pivalate) (PVPi), which was equal to 80.5 °C. MAMO incorporation led to a significant decrease in the Mw value observed in the interval, with a differential from approximately 1.6 × 103 to 289.6 kg/mol, and Ð values between 2.17 to 1.55, which was when the MAMO molar fraction present in the VPi‐containing copolymers varied from zero (pure PVPi) to approximately 9 mol %. We also observed that the thermal stability of the copolymers decreased slightly when the MAMO concentration increased in the reaction medium. Despite this minor drawback, polymer lattices with a high colloidal stability were formed at a high rate of polymerization, and the elevated conversion was within the interval 90–100%. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44129.
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