Resumo Objetivos Avaliar o perfil dos trabalhadores rurais do município de Picos, no Estado do Piauí e suas práticas e atitudes quanto à utilização de agrotóxicos. Métodos A coleta dos dados (n=159) foi realizada em Picos com levantamento de dados socioeconômicos, utilização de equipamentos de proteção individual (EPIs), armazenamento e destino das embalagens de agrotóxicos, toxicidade e risco ambiental. Resultados A maioria dos agricultores era do sexo feminino (63%), não concluiu o ensino fundamental (55,6%), tinha entre 31 e 50 anos (55,3%), com renda de até um salário mínimo (66%) e possuía água encanada (84,3%). Quanto ao uso, 64,1% (102) utilizavam agrotóxicos, principalmente na agricultura (86,3%). Eles obtiveram informações sobre essas substâncias com vizinhos (44,2%), liam o rótulo para utilizar o produto (64,8%), usavam agroquímicos devido à ação rápida (81,4%), compravam em casas agropecuárias (87,4%), sem receituário agronômico (92%) e armazenavam embalagens dentro da própria casa (33,6%). Mais da metade não usava EPIs (56,8%), embora considerassem os agrotóxicos prejudiciais à saúde humana (94,1%) e ao meio ambiente (80,4%), além de 15% (24 pessoas) terem sentido algum sintoma de envenenamento. Conclusões Os entrevistados, em sua maioria, usavam agrotóxicos inadequadamente, tinham baixa escolaridade e conheciam sobre os riscos individuais e coletivos aos quais estavam expostos, mas não usavam EPIs.
The study prepared a nanoemulsion with a diterpenoid isoprenoid alcohol called phytol (PYT) and subsequently tested it for antioxidant capacity. For this, PYT-loaded nanoemulsion was prepared by phase inversion method and both PYT-containing nanoemulsion (PNE) and PYT-free nanoemulsion (PFNE) (2-16 µM) were tested for antiradical activity (DPPH•: 1,1-dipheny-picrylhydrazyl radical; ABTS•+: azino-bisethylbenzthiazoline-sulfonic acid; •OH: hydroxyl radical scavenging; NO•: nitrite oxide radical), lipid peroxidation (LP), reduction potential (RP), and inhibition of hemolysis (HL) in rat erythrocytes in comparison with an α-tocopherol analogue (Trolox -TRO -positive control). In addition, an in vivo test was performed with wildtype and deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains using hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) as a stressor. Results suggest that PNE exhibited higher antioxidant than the PFNE. Increasing doses reveled antioxidant capacity in a dose-dependent manner. In the S. cerevisiae study, both PFNEand PNE-treated groups exhibited decreased rates of survival with the highest doses, whichever in the presence of stressor increased the survival rates, which indicates antioxidative defense capacity of PYT. In this occasion, PNE exhibited prominent antioxidative defense in the presence of stressor rather than PFNE. In conclusion, PYT exhibited potential antioxidant activity but at high concentration it was toxic to the yeast cells. The production of PYT-nanoemulsions may be relevant to the pharmaceutical sciences.
Mata aMOF da et al. 680rev assoC med bras 2016; 62(7):680-686 This review is aimed at the systematic mapping of ascorbic acid in the prevention and/or treatment of cancer in clinical and non-clinical studies from 2011 to 2015, in order to understand dose-response variations as well as its mechanisms of action as an antioxidant and antitumor agent. Seventy-eight articles were retrieved from the PubMed/Bireme database, of which only 30 included ascorbic acid in the prevention and/or treatment of cancer. However, there are controversies regarding doses and a lack of clinical studies featuring its mechanism of action more clearly. Other studies are needed to understand dose-response variations, as well as its targeting mechanisms of action, both as an antioxidant and antitumor agent, to assist treatment and prevention of cancer, aiming at better quality of life for both patients and the general population.
PHY exerted antioxidant potential in our current non- and preclinical test systems and can be a good candidate for the development of treatments of oxidative stress mediated diseases.
Chemotherapy is a standard treatment method for the patients with locally advanced breast cancer. Lately, cyclophosphamide (CYP) and doxorubicin (DOX) are used as the major chemotherapeutic agents especially for the treatment of breast cancer. Till date, no serum biomarker has been able to provide an early diagnosis of breast cancer. This study aimed to assess inflammatory, cardiac, renal and hematological markers in 56 breast cancer patients (BCP) before, during and after termination of chemotherapy with CYP and DOX. Blood samples were collected from the patients at the each treatment stages mentioned above. These samples were assessed for interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), creatinine, hemoglobin (Hb), leukocyte, platelet and Na /K -ATPase levels either by ELISA or colorimetric methods. The results suggest a significant increase in IL-6 level at all the stages in BCP as compared to control group. On the other hand, IL-10, CK and Na /K -ATPase levels were found to be significantly declined during all the stages. Moreover, the majority of hematological parameters remained unchanged throughout the treatment period with the exception of creatinine and Hb which showed slight modulation in their level at different stages. Based on the results, we conclude that breast cancer and co-treatment with CYP and DOX, interfere arious biological markers, thereby, showing the physiological imbalance.
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