Black rice is the main member of the special rice family, and it is also a rare grain and oil crop resource in China. Black rice has special medicinal components and high nutritional value. In recent years, the research on the nutritional value and application of black rice has become an important direction, and a series of important progress has been made. In this paper, the nutrition and its influencing factors of black rice, the main ways to improve eating quality, the health care and medical functions of black rice were reviewed. Meanwhile, the application prospect of black rice has also been prospected. Therefore, this review will provide an important theoretical basis for genetic improvement and breeding of new varieties of black rice.
Grain chalkiness greatly affects the grain appearance,milling,eating,cooking,and nutritional qualities,so it is one of the most important traits of grain qualities. To study the relationship between chalkiness of mutant of rice OsLHT1 gene and the shape, structure and arrangement of endosperm cells and starch grains, the chalkiness rate, chalkiness degree and chalkiness area of the mutant of rice OsLHT1 gene were investigated by field experiment, and the morphological structure of rice endosperm cells and starch grains were also observed by scanning electron microscope. Our results showed that the grain chalkiness character with the greatest difference between the tested mutant of OsLHT1 gene and the wild japonica rice variety Zhonghua 11 is chalkiness degree, followed by chalkiness rate, and finally chalkiness area, and there is a significant correlation between chalkiness rate and chalkiness degree. Therefore, there is a close correlation between the arrangement of endosperm cells, the distribution of starch grains and the occurrence of grain chalkiness in the mutant of OsLHT1 gene in japonica rice.
Amino acid transporters (AATs) have essential roles in transport of a broad range of amino acids, which are indispensable in plant growth and development. While many putative AATs have been identified and the complete genomic sequences of the important plants have already been completed by splicing and assembling, there is still little known about the functions of different AATs and their effects on plants. Therefore, this study mainly reviewed the role of AATs in plants from three aspects: the classification, isolation and cloning of AATs and the functional research of AATs. This review would provide useful references for the utilization of AATs in staple food crops.
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