Ozonolysis pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass (LB) is envisaged as a green and effective method to selectively remove lignin for subsequent bio-based processing. Herein, this study investigates the ozone multiphase flow behaviour of an ozonolysis pretreatment reactor for lignin degradation of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB). A coupled transport-reaction model is simulated using Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) via COMSOL Multiphysics® software to visualize the ozone multiphase flow behaviour in non-porous and porous bed regions. Numerical findings indicate the pressure drop across porous bed linearly increases with superficial ozone velocity. Simulation results also reveal that the relative pressure across the biomass bed reduces by reducing the biomass bed length. The present work provides preliminary insights for ozonolysis reactor design and optimum operations of biomass pretreatment for up-scaling and commercialization purposes.
The focus of this research is to study the characteristics of tablets produced from the binary powder mixture of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.) and sodium starch glycolate (SSG) powders. The experimental parameters studied were the compaction pressure and the mass composition. The findings indicated that the increase of compaction pressure increased the tensile strength of tablets until a limiting value was reached. On the other hand, as the compaction pressure increased, the porosity of tablets decreased to a minimum value. The elastic recovery of tablets slightly decreased in some results. The increase in compaction pressure also increased the dissolution time of tablets up to a maximum value. The increase of SSG composition decreased the tensile strength of tablets to a certain amount. The dissolution time of tablets also reduced when the percentage of SSG increased. Subsequently, under the same compaction conditions, the increase of SSG composition increased the porosity and the elastic recovery of tablets until the limiting values were achieved.
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