The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the entire world. It is difficult to follow protocols and regulations set forth by governments, designed by the World Health Organization. The most common protocol set forth by governments is quarantining at home. Many occupations must stay home to comply with this protocol. Among these occupations, office workers are the most common group to comply and work from home. This has led to a lack of daily movement and increased sedentary lifestyle, which has made employees prone to developing coronary heart disease (CHD). Additionally, obesity is a known risk factor for this group. This commentary presents feasible protocols aimed at helping home-based office workers stay healthy and decrease the risk of developing CHD.
AIM: To determine the effects of a structured, moderate-intensity, early cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program on physical function and psychological wellbeing in patients following aortic root replacement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients were randomly assigned to either an 8-week (24 sessions) cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program, 4 to 6 weeks after aortic root replacement using the Bentall procedure, or to an age- and sex-matched control group undertaking no structured exercise. Physical function (via exercise treadmill test (ETT)) and psychological wellbeing (assessed via DASS-21 and SF36) were assessed before and following 8-weeks of CR. RESULTS: 30 patients (15 in the control (mean age: 37±10 years) and 15 in the intervention group (mean age: 38±11 years)) completed the 8-week CR programme and no adverse events were reported over the intervention period. In the CR group, all sub-components of the SF-36 and DASS-21 increased (all P < 0.05), showing an overall improvement in psychological wellbeing following the intervention. Distance walked on the ETT (improved significantly following 8-weeks of CR (490±167 m v 659±141 m; Λ improvement = 169 m; P < 0.05). There were no changes in physical function and psychological wellbeing in the controls (P > 0.05). A significant group-by-time interaction effect was evident for physical function and all sub-components of the SF-36 and DASS-21 (all P < 0.05) highlighting significant improvements in outcomes in the CR group compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS: This small sample, aerobic-based, moderate-intensity CR is safe and effective, and can be tolerated only 4–6 weeks after complex aortic root replacement surgery.
Background — Exercise training is an important component of wellness for individuals diagnosed with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Exercise may have an effect on cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, lipid levels, and other associated physical, psychological, and physiological risk factors. Exercise intensity may further impact those risk factors. Aim — This narrative review of the literature aims to identify the effect of regular physical exercise on modifying risk factors for CVD and increased morbidity and mortality related to CVD. Methods — Published English-language papers from 2011 to 2020, available in Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and Thompson were included in this review. Keywords for this search were exercise training, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, physical function, physiological, and psychological risk factors. Conclusions — Exercise training may be a cost-effective intervention that improves the physical, physiological, and psychological risk factors and the motor function of patients with cardiovascular disease.
Background
The association between cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript prepropeptide gene (CARTPT) and obesity-related outcomes has shown in the epidemiological studies. Nevertheless, there is lack of data regarding the CARTPT gene–diet interactions in terms of antioxidant potential of diet. So, this study aimed to test CARTPT gene–dietary non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity (NEAC) interactions on cardio-metabolic risk factors in obese individuals.
Methods and material
The present cross-sectional study was carried out among 288 apparently healthy obese adults within age range of 20–50 years. Antioxidant capacity of diet was estimated by calculating the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP) and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Genotyping for CARTPT rs2239670 polymorphism was conducted by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) method.
Results
A significant interaction was revealed between CARTPT rs2239670 and dietary ORAC on BMI (PInteraction = 0.048) and fat mass percent (FM%) (PInteraction = 0.008); in A allele carriers, higher adherence to the dietary ORAC was related to lower level of BMI and FM%. And, the significant interactions were observed between FRAP index and rs2239670 in relation to HOMA (PInteraction = 0.049) and QUICKI (PInteraction = 0.048). Moreover, there were significant interactions of rs2239670 with TRAP (PInteraction = 0.029) and TEAC (PInteraction = 0.034) on the serum glucose level; individuals with AG genotype were more respondent to higher intake of TRAP.
Conclusion
The present study indicated that the relationships between CARTPT rs2239670 and obesity and its-related metabolic parameters depend on adherence to the dietary NEAC. Large prospective studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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