The worldwide increasing amount of municipal solid waste causes a major problem in managing waste as well as requires an effective solution to manage the waste generation. In Malaysia, landfilling is the main alternative technique for managing solid waste. In the same way, the main advantage of having a landfill is that it is easy to operate and comparatively lower in cost. Thus, in Malaysia, total 296 municipal solid waste landfills are open to overcome this issue. Drawbacks of landfilling can includes; i) generation of noxious gases, ii) leachate wastewater contamination of both ground and surface water, iii) problems such as odor, noise, and dust, iv) attraction of disease vectors and, v) the requirement for considerable land area. This present research study focuses on the characterization of Simpang Renggam Landfill (SRLS) Site such as its organic constitutes (mg/L), Ammoniacal Nitrogen (mg/L), SS (mg/L), BOD5/COD, BOD5 (mg/L), and pH. All the analyzed results were compared with the past researchers’ researches and also were compared with Malaysian Environmental Quality Act 1974. From the results, it is concluded that the Simpang Renggam Landfill Site was characterized old (stabilized) landfill leachate wastewater with BOD5/COD > 0.1. For the SRL site, it is recommended that physical-chemical method is better fitted for the leachate wastewater treatment and the aerated lagoon technique does not support the treatment of aging leachate.
Pakistan is a developing country and its development depends upon its transports facilities. This paper describes the findings of a survey for the evaluation of road traffic accidents (RTAs) that focused on the Hyderabad-Karachi M-9 Motorway section. The objectives of the survey are the collection the data of traffic accidents including the human and property losses and the evaluation of RTAs causes. During a two year period (i.e. 2015 and 2016) it was revealed that 145 RTAs occurred on the motorway. In those RTAs, 109 persons died and 293 got injured and 251 vehicles were damaged. High risk percentages were recorded for both pedestrian and vehicle users.
Natural rubber is an important material because of its high strength compared to synthetic rubber. However, the production process of natural rubber discharges a large amount of wastewater containing high concentrations of organic compounds and nitrogen. Therefore, discharging natural rubber processing wastewater without an appropriate treatment can lead to environmental problems such as deterioration of water quality and eutrophication. In this study, the batch adsorption experiment was carried out for the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen from natural rubber wastewater using kaolin as adsorbent. The efficiency of the kaolin was studied by varying the parameters adsorbent dose, pH, shaking speed and contact time. The experimental equilibrium data for this system has been analyzed using the linearized forms of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. COD and ammonia nitrogen removal efficiencies were 71.6% and 75.8%, respectively. While, Langmuir isotherm was found to provide the best theoretical correlation of the experimental data.
In Pakistan, the number of roads and highways is increasing along with the number of road traffic accidents (RTAs). Many researchers attempted to collect data of RTAs and to investigate their causes. Keeping those causes and reasons for RTAs in mind, remedies to prevent RTAs on the highways in Pakistan are proposed to make the roads and highways safer for traveling.
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