In this paper, we develop a preventive maintenance (PM) strategy for a solar photovoltaic system composed of solar panels functioning as a series system. The photovoltaic system is considered in a failed state whenever its efficiency drops below a predefined threshold or any electrical wiring element is damaged. In such a situation of failure, a minimal repair is performed. The proposed PM strategy suggests systematically replacing n panels with their respective wiring system every time units T over a finite operating time span H. The panels to be preventively replaced are selected by the maintenance agent after an on-site overall assessment of all panels, making sure every time not to replace panels previously replaced during a given replacement cycle of all panels of the system. An analytical model is proposed in order to simultaneously determine the optimal PM period, T, and the optimal number of solar panels, n, to be replaced at each PM. This is done by modeling and minimizing the expected total maintenance cost over the finite operating time horizon H. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the use of the proposed modelling approach and to discuss the obtained results. The latter provide the optimal solutions (T*, n*) for different combinations of input parameters. They also show the economic relevance of the proposed PM strategy through estimation of the economic gain when comparing the situations with and without preventive maintenance.
A pseudo-euclidean Jordan algebra is a Jordan algebra J with an associative non-degenerate symmetric bilinear form B. B is said an associative scalar product on J. We study the structure of the pseudo-euclidean Jordan K-algebras (where K is a field of null characteristic) and we obtain an inductive description of these algebras in terms of double extensions and generalized double extensions. Next, we study the symplectic pseudo-euclidean Jordan K-algebras and we give some informations on a particular class of these algebras namely the class of symplectic Jordan-Manin Algebras. Finally, we obtain some characterizations of semi-simple Jordan algebras among the pseudo-euclidean Jordan algebras.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.