Obesity is an established risk factor for severe coronavirus disease 2019 , but the contribution of overweight and/or diabetes remains unclear. In a multicenter, international study, we investigated if overweight, obesity, and diabetes were independently associated with COVID-19 severity and whether the BMIassociated risk was increased among those with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe retrospectively extracted data from health care records and regional databases of hospitalized adult patients with COVID-19 from 18 sites in 11 countries. We used standardized definitions and analyses to generate site-specific estimates, modeling the odds of each outcome (supplemental oxygen/noninvasive ventilatory support, invasive mechanical ventilatory support, and in-hospital mortality) by BMI category (reference, overweight, obese), adjusting for age, sex, and prespecified comorbidities. Subgroup analysis was performed on patients with preexisting diabetes. Sitespecific estimates were combined in a meta-analysis. RESULTSAmong 7,244 patients (65.6% overweight/obese), those with overweight were more likely to require oxygen/noninvasive ventilatory support (random effects adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.44; 95% CI 1.15-1.80) and invasive mechanical ventilatory support (aOR, 1.22; 95% CI 1.03-1.46). There was no association between overweight and in-hospital mortality (aOR, 0.88; 95% CI 0.74-1.04). Similar effects were observed in patients with obesity or diabetes. In the subgroup analysis, the aOR for any outcome was not additionally increased in those with diabetes and overweight or obesity. CONCLUSIONSIn adults hospitalized with COVID-19, overweight, obesity, and diabetes were associated with increased odds of requiring respiratory support but were not associated with death. In patients with diabetes, the odds of severe COVID-19 were not increased above the BMI-associated risk.
Background: Hypertension is still a big challenge for health development in Indonesia because of the high prevalence rate of hypertension. Hypertension is usually not recognized by the public because the symptoms are unclear and resemble health complaints in general. Although not treatable, prevention and management can reduce the incidence of hypertension and the diseases that accompany it. Basic Health Research in 2018 showed that people with hypertension reached 34.1% of the total population of Indonesia. This literature review aims to analyze the factors that influence the incidence of hypertension. Method: This study uses a descriptive analysis method with a literature review approach. Sources of data use secondary data, namely in the form of books, scientific literature as well as from the results of research conducted by previous researchers related to the discussion of factors that influence the incidence of hypertension. The method of searching for articles or journals uses the keywords "Risk factors for hypertension" or "factors that influence hypertension". The inclusion criteria used were journal factors related to the incidence of hypertension which could be accessed in full text. The journal year used is limited to 2012-2020. Results: Literature analysis in 12 journals found that age, gender, obesity, heredity, stress, physical activity and lifestyle factors can influence the incidence of hypertension. Conclusion: There is a relationship between age, gender, obesity, heredity, stress factors, physical activity factors and lifestyle factors with the incidence of hypertension.
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) merupakan penyakit progresif, yang karenanya dapat menyebabkan rehospitalisasi. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian rehospitalisasi pasien CHF di Rumah Sakit Islam Banjarnegara. Desain penelitian korelasional. Pengumpulan data dengan MMAS-8 untuk kepatuhan minum obat, DSR-SCB untuk kepatuhan diet rendah garam dan study dokumetasi rekam medik untuk mengetahui riwayat hipertensi, usia, jenis keamin, tingkat pendidikan, derajat CHF, dan komorbid. Populasi seluruh pasien CHF yang sedang dirawat. Besar sampel 30 responden yang diambil dengan teknik concecutive sampling. Hasil penelitian dengan uji korelasi Somers’d : hubungan riwayat hipertensi, kepatuhan minum obat, kepatuhan diet rendah garam dengan rehospitalisasi didapatkan hasil masing-masing ρ value : 0.032 r -0.200; ρ value : 0.032 r -0.200; ρ value : 0.021 r -0.25. Hubungan usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, jenis pekerjaan, derajat CHF dan komorbid, didapatkan hasil masing-masing ρ value : 0.803 r -0.042; ρ value : 0.273 r -0.01; ρ value : 0.490 r -0.080; ρ value : 0.524 r -0.058; ρ value : 0.934 r 0.012; ρ value : 0.165 r -0.42; Kesimpulan ada hubungan antara riwayat hipertensi, kepatuhan minum obat, dan kepatuhan diet rendah garam terhadap kejadian rehospitalisasi di RSI Banjarnegara.
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