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Background: This study aims to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of radial shortening osteotomy (RSO) and capitate shortening osteotomy (CSO) in the early stages of Kienböck disease. Methods: Grip strength and wrist range of motion were assessed bilaterally. Also, the disease stage in pre-op and the final follow-up were determined. Quick-DASH, Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE), and Modified Mayo Wrist Score were used to assess patient comfort and function.Results: 23 patients were followed up (13 patients with RSO and 10 patients with CSO) for mean 46 months. Affected wrist range of motion in flexion and extension and grip strength was significantly lower than the unaffected side. Pain score in the Mayo wrist questionnaire was significantly lower in the RSO group than CSO group. The failure rate was 1.16% and 2.59% per year for RSO and CSO, respectively. Radiologic stage worsened in two patients (one in each RSO and CSO groups) and it was improved in nine patients (six in RSO and three in CSO groups). Six patients (three in each RSO and CSO groups) underwent revision surgeries due to residual pain. As expected, wrist motion arc and grip strength were significantly more limited in these patients in comparison to others (p=0.031 and p=0.026, respectively).Conclusion: We found no significant differences between the two groups in terms of clinical findings, patients’ function and satisfaction, and success rate. Level of evidence: III - Retrospective cohort study

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the serum level of human leukocyte antigen G [HLA-G] in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE] and rheumatoid arthritis [RA], compared to healthy controls; moreover, it was attempted to assess its relationship with SLE and RA disease activity indices. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 31 SLE patients [17 cases with a recent diagnosis and 14 cases with a previous diagnosis], 21 RA patients [7 cases with a recent diagnosis and 14 cases with a previous diagnosis], and 18 healthy controls who visited Ghaem Hospital affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mahhad, Iran. SLE and RA activity indices were measured and recorded. Furthemore, soluble isoforms, including shed HLA-G1 and HLA-G5, were measured in serum samples via the ELISA method. Results: Comparison of the five groups showed no significant differences in terms of the serum level of sHLA-G. However, sHLA-G serum level was significantly higher in SLE and RA patients, compared to healthy controls [P<0.05]. sHLA-G level showed no correlation with disease duration and activity in SLE and RA patients [P>0.05]. However, a strong positive correlation was observed between the serum level of sHLA-G and 24-h urine protein in the previously diagnosed SLE group [r=0.83, P=0.01]. Conclusion: It seems that the serum level of sHLA-G is higher in RA and SLE patients, compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, a strong correlation was found between sHLA-G serum levels and 24-h urine protein in cases with a previous diagnosis of SLE.