Introgression of novel genetic variation into breeding populations is frequently required to facilitate response to new abiotic or biotic pressure. This is particularly true for the introduction of host pathogen resistance in plant breeding. However, the number and genomic location of loci contributed by donor parents are often unknown, complicating efforts to recover desired agronomic phenotypes. We examined allele frequency differentiation in an experimental barley breeding population subject to introgression and subsequent selection for Fusarium head blight resistance. Allele frequency differentiation between the experimental population and the base population identified three primary genomic regions putatively subject to selection for resistance. All three genomic regions have been previously identified by quantitative trait locus (QTL) and association mapping. Based on the degree of identity-by-state relative to donor parents, putative donors of resistance alleles were also identified. The successful application of comparative population genetic approaches in this barley breeding experiment suggests that the approach could be applied to other breeding populations that have undergone defined breeding and selection histories, with the potential to provide valuable information for genetic improvement.
Anecdotal information gathered from contemporary wild rice harvesters, traditional ecological knowledge of indigenous peoples, and biologists suggests that seeds produced by wild rice ( Zizania palustris L.) in riverine habitats are smaller than those produced in lacustrine habitats. To study the differences in the seed size of wild rice between lakes and rivers, four river and four lake pairs were sampled to measure and model the factors affecting seed size. We found mean seed mass to be quantitatively different between lacustrine and riverine environments; seed mass in lake populations was (41%) larger than that in river populations. When partitioned between water body type, regional population pairs, and individual populations, water body type accounted for 71.3% of the variance. Data collected on seed mass, plant morphology, sediment characteristics, and water depths were used to create a statistical model to quantify the effects of each factor on seed size. The two most important environmental factors contributing to seed size were sediment bulk density and water depth at seed collection. Important biological components were seed scar density, proportion of filled seed, and root biomass.
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