Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the chemoprevention efficacy of diosmin on experimentally induced hamster buccal pouch (HBP) squamous cell carcinoma utilizing Ki 67 as a proliferative marker. Material and Methods: Seventy Syrian male hamsters were used as experimental animals, these hamsters were divided into five groups, Group I (negative control): 5 hamsters were left untreated. Group II (DMBA treated group): 20 hamsters were divided equally into two subgroups, painted with 0.5% DMBA where subgroup IIa: for 8 weeks while subgroup IIb: for 14 weeks. Group III: 5 hamsters were orally administrated diosmin 150 mg/kg for 14 weeks. Group IV: 20 hamsters were divided equally into two subgroups, treated with diosmin 100mg/kg and DMBA where subgroup IVa: for 8 weeks while subgroup IVb: for 14 weeks. Group V: 20 hamsters were divided equally into two subgroups, treated with diosmin 150mg/ kg and DMBA where subgroup Va: for 8 weeks while subgroup Vb: for 14 weeks.Results: Comparing all groups and subgroups revealed that the mean values have been arranged with the following descending pattern subgroup IIa, subgroup Va, subgroup IIb, subgroup Vb, subgroup IVb, subgroup IVa, group III and group I. ANOVA test revealed a statistically significant difference between groups. Conclusion: Diosmin 100mg/kg is considered a promising chemopreventive agent in preventing induced HBP squamous cell carcinoma.

Purpose: This study was aimed to evaluate the anticancer effect of nano sized betanin particles (betanin NP) on tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line compared to doxorubicin (DOX) using cytotoxicity assay. Materials and Methods: Human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line (SCC 25) were cultured to obtain 3 groups, the first one was subjected to DOX and the second group was subjected betanin NP. The third group was not subjected to treatment and used as a control. Different concentrations of betanin NP and DOX were applied on SCC25 to choose the doses with high cytotoxic effects according to their IC50 using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) viability assay at 48h and 72h intervals. Results: In the current study, IC50 doses for SCC 25 cell line was determined to be 0.91±0.02 μg/ml, 0.37±0.03 μg/ml for DOX and 4.30±0.08 μg/ml, 1.39±0.07 μg/ml for betanin NP at 48h and 72h intervals, respectively. T-test for comparison between IC50 level in different groups showed that there was highly statistically significant difference between samples of different materials (p<0.001). These results indicate that higher doses of betanin are required to kill 50 % of the SCC25 cells in comparison to DOX doses. Conclusion: Our findings explained that DOX and betanin NP can induce cancer cell death against SCC 25 cell lines. DOX has higher cytotoxic effect than betanin NP according to MTT viability assay.

Aim: to evaluate the anticancer effect of nano sized betanine particles (betanine NP) on squamous cell carcinoma cell line compared to doxorubicin (DOX) by measuring apoptosis through caspase 3. Material and Methods: Three groups of the human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line (SCC 25) were created, and two of them were treated with DOX and betanine NP. The third group served as a negative control and was not given any treatment. To evaluate the concentration of caspase 3 using the ElISA technology, different quantities of betanin NP and DOX were administered to SCC25 at 48- and 72-hour intervals. Results: Caspase 3 levels in the current investigation were 501.69.93, 543.86.71 pg/ml for DOX and 336.913.1, 405.53.5, and respectively for betanine NP in 48h and 72h intervals. Additionally, morphological analysis was performed to demonstrate the cells’ apoptotic alterations. There was a highly statistically significant difference between samples of various materials, as revealed by the ANOVA test for Comparison between groups using the ELISA technique for caspase 3 detection at 48h and 72h (p0.001). These findings suggest that DOX has a stronger apoptotic effect on SCC25 cells than betanin NP. Conclusion: Our findings explained that DOX and betanine NP can induce cancer cell death against SCC 25 cell lines by increasing the concentration of caspase 3. DOX has higher apoptotic effect on SCC25 cells than betanin NP according to ELISA technique.

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