This study aimed to evaluate the morphological characteristics of Panicum maximum clones during the regrowth period following cessation of irrigation. Panicum clones were collected in Sergipe and in three Pernambuco locations ('São Bento do Una', 'Itambé' and 'São João da Coroa Grande'), in addition to 'Mombaça', 'Tanzânia' and 'Massai' cultivars. The treatments consisted of seven clones, which were subjected to either 7, 14, 21 or 28 days of water suspension. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial 7 × 4 design, with four replicates. The morphological characteristics evaluated included the number of tillers, plant height, leaf blade length, number of green leaves per tiller and number of dead leaves per tiller. The clone factor significantly affected the number of tillers per pot and the number of dead leaves per tiller (P ≤ 0.05). The clone from Sergipe produced a greater number of tillers (8.39) than the other clones following 28 days of water suspension, while the 'Mombaça' cultivar had a greater number of dead leaves (5.39) after 7 days of water suspension. In general, the 28-day cessation of irrigation period resulted in taller plants with larger leaf blades and a greater number of green leaves per tiller.
Resumo: Os consórcios feitos de forma adequada podem resultar em inúmeros benefícios ao agroecossistema e ao produtor. O objetivo foi avaliar aspectos fitotécnicos do rabanete e alface cultivados em consórcio no oeste goiano. Foram testados 4 consórcios (com 8 plantas de alface e 20, 40, 60 e 80 plantas de rabanete, respectivamente, C I, C II, C III e C IV) em relação ao monocultivo de alface (16 plantas) e de rabanete (80 plantas) por metro quadrado. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Avaliou o diâmetro, comprimento e massa média das raízes do rabanete; o diâmetro médio do coleto, número de folhas e massa média da parte aérea das plantas de alface e a produtividade de ambas as culturas. Calculou-se o índice de equivalência de área (IEA). O consórcio não afetou o tamanho e peso médio das raízes do rabanete, entretanto, a produtividade do C I (0,46 kg.m -2 ) foi inferior ao C III (1,97 kg.m -2 ), C IV (2,25 kg.m -2 ) e ao monocultivo (2,05 kg.m -2 ). Para a cultura da alface, houve diferença estatística apenas na produtividade, que foi maior no sistema em monocultivo (2,84 kg.m -2 ). Somente o consórcio II (0,82) apresentou IEA inferior ao monocultivo (1,0). Os consórcios apresentam potencial de uso pelos horticultores da região. Palavras-chaves:Raphanus sativus, Lectuca sativa, policultivo, IEA, agroecossistema. Abstract:Intercropping properly executed can result in many benefits to the agroecosystem and the farmer. The aim was to evaluate phytotechnical aspects of radish and lettuce intercropped in West Goiás. Four intercropping systems (with 8 lettuce plants and 20, 40, 60 and 80 radish plants, respectively, C I, C II, C III and C IV) were compared to the lettuce monoculture (16 plants) and radish (80 plants) by square meter. The design was a randomized block design with four replications. The diameter, length and average mass of radish roots; the average stem diameter, number of leaves and average mass of the aerial part of lettuce plants and the productivity of both cultures were evaluated. We calculated the land equivalent ratio (IEA). The consortium did not affect the size and average weight of radish roots, however, the C I productivity (0.46 kg.m -2 ) was lower than C III (1.97 kg.m -2 ), C IV (2.25 kg.m -2 ) and monoculture (2.05 kg.m -2 ). To lettuce crop, there was statistical difference only in productivity, which was higher in the system in monoculture (2.84 kg.m -2 ). Only the consortium II (0.82) had less IEA than the monoculture (1.0). The consortiums have a potential use by horticulturists in this region.
Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma investigação a respeito das razões que levam estudantes da microrregião de Capanema (Paraná) a evadir do curso de Licenciatura em Matemática. Para tanto, um questionário foi encaminhado para os 55 alunos evadidos do curso com perguntas a respeito de quando entraram no curso, de sua situação atual e de sua evasão. Obteve-se um total de 36 respostas e, a partir das orientações da Análise de Conteúdo, agrupou-se as razões que levaram os alunos a evadir do curso. Observou-se que as principais razões para a evasão escolar foram questões pessoais e a Pandemia do Covid-19 no Brasil, o que caracteriza evasão por externalidades. Além disso, aproximadamente um terço dos ex-alunos está matriculado em outro curso superior, o que indica evasão para inserção.
To increase the establishment options of the tropical forage legume tree, mororó (Bauhinia cheilantha), a native of the Caatinga vegetation in Northeast Brazil, a vegetative propagation study was carried out. In 2 experiments the performance of cuttings taken from 2 different locations on the mother plant (apical and basal branches) was evaluated on 4 different substrates: washed sand (SA); soil (S); soil in a moist chamber (S+MC); and vermiculite (V), in which cuttings were ‘planted’. The variables analyzed were: bud emergence; presence of expanded leaves; length and width of expanded leaves; and development of roots. For the first experiment, cuttings were taken in the dry season (December), for the second experiment in the rainy season (June). Cutting season had the major effect on all variables, particularly emerging buds (37‒90% in the dry vs. 1‒34% in the rainy season) and expanded leaves (23‒60% in the dry vs. 1‒13% in the rainy season). The best results were obtained in substrates S+MC and SA, the latter applying particularly for root development. It seems cuttings can be taken from any part of the mother plant but should be taken in the dry season, when an adequate supply of nutrients exists in the branches. Further studies are warranted to determine how to increase the success of root development on cuttings.
Short CommunicationChemical composition of hays of the Caatinga shrub legumes mororó and sabiá from different parts of the plant . The findings suggest that these native legumes can be conserved as hay during the growing season to provide a supplementary feed with acceptable nutritive value for feeding during the period of inadequate feed availability and quality in semi-arid Brazil. However, more samples from a range of growth stages and locations are needed to confirm these preliminary findings and to provide data on possible yields, while more feeding studies with ruminants are needed to confirm the preliminary data in terms of liveweight performance.Keywords: Bauhinia cheilantha, Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, native forages, non-fiber carbohydrates, plant fractions. ResumenEn la región semiárida del nordeste de Brasil, las plantas nativas son una fuente importante de forraje. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las características químicas de los henos de las leguminosas arbustivas nativas: sabiá (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth.) y mororó [Bauhinia cheilantha (Bong.) Steud.], utilizando diferentes fracciones de las plantas: solo hojas y hojas más ramificaciones delgadas (<8 mm diámetro) de tallos. Los análisis incluyeron: concentraciones de materia seca (MS), proteína cruda (PC), fibra detergente neutra (FDN), extracto de éter (EE), ceniza, nutrientes digestibles totales (NDT) y carbohidratos no fibrosos (CNF). El heno de hojas de sabiá presentó mayor concentración de PC (182 g/kg de MS) que el heno de hojas de mororó (126 g/kg de MS); no obstante en ambas leguminosas las concentraciones de PC fueron similares cuando se analizaron hojas más ramificaciones de tallos (106 g/kg de MS en promedio). Las concentraciones de FDN (368 g/kg de MS), CNF (418 g/kg de MS) y NDT (481 g/kg de MS) del heno de hojas de mororó fueron superiores a las del heno de hojas de sabiá (465, 258 y 311 g/kg de MS, respectivamente). Los resultados sugieren que en la región semiárida de Brasil estas leguminosas nativas, conservadas como heno durante
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