The purpose of this paper is to identify the relationship between the determinants of internationalisation and innovation on balanced scorecard (BSC) among Malaysian small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Internationalisation covers the dimensions of knowledge, trust, commitment and opportunity development, which can benefit the firm performance in Malaysia by increasing the involvement of SMEs in international business activities. A sample of 202 firms was considered for this study and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used. The dimensions of knowledge, trust, commitment and opportunity development were observed to examine the proposed hypotheses. The results indicate that internationalisation as a whole; such as knowledge, trust, commitment and opportunity development played an important role in innovation and balanced scorecard among Malaysian SMEs. However, this also can solve the existing myth of a role in the internationalisation on innovation towards a balanced scorecard of SMEs in Malaysia because family businesses are a critical pillar of many Malaysian enterprises. Therefore, this research conveys an understanding to the owners and managers to quickly achieve innovation and balanced scorecard results. Finally, this study brings some conclusions to the policy makers and regulators as well.
Currently, waqf agencies are faced with financial challenges in sustaining their operations and therefore, have the imminent need for some tax incentives to alleviate operation costs as the lack of incentives. Therefore, this paper highlights the role of tax incentives in promoting the sustainability of waqf agencies in Malaysia. The case study was conducted using review of documentation, including annual waqf report and digital information on waqf practices, and interviews with respondents from two waqf agencies, i.e. Yayasan Wakaf Malaysia (YWM) and Perbadanan Wakaf Selangor (PWS) in Malaysia. This study found that in the Malaysian tax law, waqf is not entitled to receive tax incentive due to the waqf characteristics, i.e. waqf for donation which is needed to maintain the dividend or benefit can be distributed to the beneficiaries. PWS as waqf agency is not exempted from paying the tax because it is treated a profit-oriented company. YWM is exempted from paying income tax and tax relief for the donors, while for PWS, it still earns advantages in terms of tax relief for the donors, assessment tax, and quit rent. Incentives such as tax relief may serve a vital contribution in promoting the sustainability of the waqf agencies.
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