Exposure to welding is associated with many diseases, especially some of the eye injuries. We present a 49-year-old male patient applied to us with the complaints of double vision and blurred vision for a week. The symptoms started after looking welding machine light for a few minutes without protective glasses. After excluding another causes, the diagnosis of idiopathic abducens paralysis was made. As a result of exposure to metals and ultraviolet radiation, conjunctival disorders, presbyopia, refractive errors, corneal damage, and retinal pathologies can be seen in patients. It is also known that UV is a stress factor that will initiate reactions that lead to apoptosis of neurons. We think that exposure to UV rays may have played a role in the possible etiological process in our case.The patient was followed up with conservative treatment and all symptoms resolve within a month.
Aim: The aim of the study is to get a better understanding of the side effects of smoking by evaluating the effect of recently increased smoking on VEP and to determine whether it is necessary to use different normals when evaluating the VEP measurements of smoking patients. Material and Methods: The smoking patients who have applied to our ophthalmology and neurology polyclinics during 2021-2022 are included to the study. Detailed ophthalmologic examination of the patients as well as their VEP test is completed followed by a dilated fundus examination assessment. The patients with normal results are included to the study. The smoking rate is calculated on pack/year basis. Pattern VEP (PVEP) recording is performed on the basis of Keypoint (Dantec, Denmark) and ISCEV criteria. Data obtained through the study are analyzed by SPSS 21.0 version software and countable variables with normal distribution between two independent groups are analyzed with Independent Sample T test whereas variables without normal distribution are analyzed with Mann Whitney U test. Chi-square test is used when comparing categorical variables. Results: 71 patients are included to the study where 33 of them are placed in smoking group and 38 in non-smoking group (control group). Smoking group had a yearly cigarette package consumption of 5.20 ± 8.93 (0.2-40). VEP latency and amplitude changes were compared and according to the obtained results; there was P100 latency prolongation in between left and right eye among the control group and smoking group but it did not have any statistical significance (p=0.910 and p=0.697 respectively). There was no statistically significant difference in both left and right eye in terms of smoking and P100 and N70 latencies (p=0.707, p=0.838, p=0.717 and p=0.621 respectively). Similarly, there was no significant correlation between yearly package consumption and P100 and N70 latencies and amplitudes of left and right eyes (p=0.503, p=0.410, p=0.776 and p=0.940 respectively). Conclusion: No significant effect of smoking on VEP values is found thus leading us to believe that the same normal intervals can be used in the evaluation of VEP results of both smoking and non-smoking patients.
Learning points for clinicians Fornix is a white matter tract bundle that is a substantial component of the Papez Circuit and has memory and cognitive functions. Isolated bilateral fornix infarction is uncommon and the clinical presentation is memory impairments in general. Most cases are accompanied by vascular comorbidities such as pulmonary embolism and peripheral venous thrombosis. Here we presented an unusual case of bilaterally fornix infarction with biotinidase deficiency and presenting with paraparesis and acute onset anterograde amnesia.
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